I. Improving the concentration of drugs in lesions and abscesses The application of local chemotherapy to improve the concentration of drugs in lesions is a new breakthrough in the treatment of bone and joint tuberculosis and an important guarantee for the healing of tuberculosis. In the treatment process, the concentration of drugs in the lesion during local irrigation is 1,000 times higher than that of systemic oral drugs; during local drug injection, it is 50,000 times higher than that of oral drugs, so it has an extremely effective bactericidal concentration. However, because local chemotherapy drugs do not pass through the portal circulation system, the incidence of systemic toxic side effects that may be caused by drug absorption is reduced. The reason why the sinus tracts of bone and joint tuberculosis do not heal for a long time is that the primary lesions are not controlled, which is why the sinus tracts cannot heal. Curing the primary lesion of spinal tuberculosis is the only way to fundamentally cure the abscess formed by spinal tuberculosis. With modern technology, imaging has been able to guide the physician to access any location in the spine with minimal trauma. the widespread use of CT-guided spinal puncture has replaced exploratory surgery in suspected cases of spinal tuberculosis, avoiding the blindness of exploratory surgery and therefore improving the efficacy of treating primary spinal lesions. Third, continuous drainage of abscesses and primary lesions of the spine Traditional surgical treatment of tuberculous abscesses does not advocate drainage because it is believed that cross-infection may occur with drainage treatment, and therefore sinus tracts are easily formed, which are difficult to heal once they are formed. However, in recent years, the clinical application of percutaneous lesion removal with continuous perfusion flushing and drainage of local chemotherapy method, which emphasizes local drug administration on the basis of drainage, greatly improves the concentration of drugs in the lesion, rapidly kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis, rapidly turns Mycobacterium tuberculosis tissue and smear negative, and curbs the process of pathological changes in the lesion, greatly improves the effect of drug treatment, reduces the concentration of systemic drugs, and shortens the the course of chemotherapy. In particular, due to the continuous perfusion flushing of local chemotherapy, which completely killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis and suppressed the pathogenic factors of sinus tract formation, no sinus tracts were formed at the site of the drainage tube in all cases during the follow-up period, and no case of cross-infection occurred.