Calf swelling and pain may be caused by physiological factors such as sedentary standing or weight-bearing, or it may be caused by trauma, lumbar disc herniation, deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities and other pathological factors, which can be relieved and treated by medication, physical therapy, surgery and other methods. 1. Physiological factors: due to sedentary and standing for a long time can lead to slow blood return to the lower limbs, calf swelling and pain, if excessive weight bearing can lead to excessive metabolic products produced by the calf muscles, lactic acid buildup, resulting in calf swelling and pain, elevate the lower limbs, and the symptoms can be gradually alleviated after sufficient rest. 2. Trauma: trauma can lead to calf muscle injury, or even fracture, should elevate the affected limb, brake and rest, can choose non-steroidal drugs such as ibuprofen, meloxicam, etc. to relieve the pain symptoms, the fracture may also need surgical treatment. 3. Lumbar disc herniation: bed rest should be carried out, choose non-steroidal painkillers such as nimesulide dispersible tablets, etc., hot compresses, ultra-short wave, neuromuscular electrical stimulation and other physical therapy methods can be carried out to relax the lumbar spine muscles, and conservative treatment is ineffective in choosing surgical treatment. 4. Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis: trauma, long-term bedridden and other factors can lead to lower extremity deep vein thrombosis, should be strictly bed-ridden braking, the use of anticoagulant drugs, such as rivaroxaban or low molecular heparin sodium, etc., and if necessary, need to carry out interventional surgery. There may be other reasons for calf swelling and pain, if the symptoms continue to be unrelieved or aggravated, it is recommended that the patient go to the hospital for examination in a timely manner, to clarify the cause of the disease under the guidance of the doctor to carry out targeted treatment.