Spontaneous abortion is a common disease in gynecology, and in China, the rate of obtaining abortion from natural pregnancy is 10-15%, and the chance of miscarriage is higher in those who obtain pregnancy by IVF-ET. The occurrence of ≥3 consecutive spontaneous abortions is called recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), which has a complex etiology and seriously affects women’s physical and mental health and family well-being. Recurrent abortion is a common clinical reproductive problem. After 2-3 consecutive miscarriages, the rate of miscarriage in second pregnancy increases significantly. In addition, due to the widespread implementation of assisted reproductive technology, the incidence of embryonic arrest and biochemical pregnancy after IVF-ET pregnancy has increased, which is of great concern to physicians and patients. How to effectively treat recurrent miscarriage is a hot clinical issue. Pregnancy is a complex physiological process. It involves both partners and is related to germ cells, uterine environment, embryo implantation and development, endocrine and immune regulation, and many other factors. Therefore, after the occurrence of miscarriage, the causes need to be investigated from various aspects such as genetics, uterine morphology, luteal support and maternal-fetal immune regulation. In contrast, there are still some patients in whom no definite miscarriage factors are found clinically. Screening for the etiology of recurrent miscarriage The causes of recurrent miscarriage are complex. Many couples with multiple miscarriages have more than one factor, and some patients are not found to have abnormalities after multiple examinations, which are “unexplained” miscarriages. Genetic factors: chromosomal and embryonic chromosomal examination of the couple, geographically high prevalence of genetic disorders such as G6PD and thalassemia; 2, germ cells: male semen analysis and female follicle monitoring; 3, uterine factors: uterine diaphragm, double uterus, unicornuate uterus, submucosal myoma, adenomyosis, etc.; 4, endocrine factors: luteal function, thyroid function, other related hormones, such as pituitary lactation, etc. hormones, such as pituitary lactogen, insulin, etc.; 5, teratogenic factors: toxoplasma, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus type I and II, microvirus B19, etc.; 6, immune factors: confinement antibodies, TH1/TH2 cytokines, blood group antibodies, autoantibodies (ACA, AOAb, ANA, etc.) 7, coagulation factors: D-dimer, platelet agglutination, coagulation function blood rheology, etc. Among the many factors, attention should be paid to embryonic quality and uterine environment, as well as endocrine and immune regulation during pregnancy. The treatment of recurrent miscarriage is divided into two stages: preconception treatment and postconception settling. After recurrent miscarriage, patients first need to be screened for the cause of miscarriage and treated for the relevant etiology. Generally speaking, preconception treatment takes 3-6 months, and contraception should be used during this period. If the male partner has abnormal semen indicators, such as a low percentage of forward motion sperm, high malformation rate, or excessive DNA fragmentation, they should also be seen at the same time. If chromosomal abnormalities (balanced translocation, breakage, etc.) are found, or if both partners carry the same genetic disease gene (e.g., e.g., thalassemia), genetic counseling is required. Western medical treatment The previous textbook of Obstetrics and Gynecology considered miscarriage as a result of natural elimination and therefore did not advocate fetal preservation. In the last 30 years, research on maternal-fetal immunomodulation has become a hot topic. The detection of embryonic chromosomes has also been emphasized, and the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities is not as high as predicted. Therefore, the treatment of recurrent miscarriages is gradually accepted by the industry. 1. Endocrine therapy: Luteal support for luteal insufficiency is the basic measure for pregnancy stabilization. Especially for those who have obtained pregnancy through assisted reproductive technology and have had spontaneous abortion, a two-pronged or even three-pronged approach is often used, with oral dydrogesterone or micronized progesterone, intramuscular progesterone and vaginal progesterone tablets. And the dosage of intramuscular injection tends to be larger. If the thyroid function is low, levothyroxine tablets (eugenol) are used; short-acting insulin therapy is preferred for gestational diabetes. 2. Immunotherapy: For closed antibody deficiency, leukocyte immunotherapy is usually performed before pregnancy. Multi-point subcutaneous injections using spouse or blood donor leukocytes are usually done every 3-4 weeks, followed by booster immunization after pregnancy. A medical examination of the donor must be performed prior to treatment to rule out HIV-positive, syphilis, hepatitis virus carriage, etc. before blood can be collected to isolate white blood cells for treatment. For those who cannot undergo active immunotherapy, passive immunotherapy with immunoglobulin can also be administered during the early pregnancy stage. For those who are positive for autoimmune antibody, corticosteroid treatment can be used before pregnancy. 3.Anticoagulation therapy: Aspirin, low molecular heparin, etc. are used for pre-thrombotic state.