I. Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (posterior lumbar interbody fusion, PLIF) 1, advantages: allows decompression, fusion, fixation in one go. 2.Disadvantages: It destroys the posterior structure and decreases the stability of the structure, dura mater, nerve root injury, adhesive arachnoiditis, etc., which makes the spinal canal sticky. Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) 1, advantages: does not infringe on the structure of the spinal canal, does not cause spinal adhesions, used for late revision surgery such as pseudoarthroplasty, extended fusion of adjacent segments, lower lumbar spine surgery failure syndrome. 2, disadvantages: to large blood vessels, ureter, intestinal canal injury may, intra-abdominal adhesions, sexual function decline or retrograde, ejaculation may. Third, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) 1, advantages: unilateral access to the intervertebral space, omitting the other side of the access, the damage to the posterior structure is lighter than PLIF, and the harassment of the structure in the spinal canal is lighter. 2. Disadvantages: narrower indications than PLIF. Fourth, lateral lumbar interbody fusion (XLIF) 1, advantages: to achieve minimally invasive operation under endoscopy, without entering the spinal canal, without complications of vascular, intestinal and ureteral injuries. 2. Disadvantages: certain instruments and equipment are required.