So far, glucagon 100 units/mL (Gla-100) has become a standard of care in diabetes treatment in recent decades, as a long-acting insulin that can provide 24 hours of insulin requirements with good efficacy and safety with one subcutaneous injection per day. With the further development of scientific research, will there be a new long-acting insulin to replace Gla-100 and open a new era? Recently, Dailey and Lavernia, two researchers from the United States, conducted pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) studies and EDITION clinical trials on a new long-acting insulin, glargine insulin 300 units/mL (Gla-300), to address this question. A series of studies have been conducted to find a more powerful advantage of Gla-300, and a peer-reviewed article will be published soon. Study 1: PK/PD Study of Gla-300 A single dose of Gla-300 was administered to Japanese and European subjects with type 1 diabetes in a randomized double-blind trial, and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of Gla-300 action were characterized over time by measuring serum insulin concentrations and glucose infusion rates through a glucose clamp technique. The results showed that Gla-300 has a longer and more stable duration of action, a lower maximum concentration in vivo, less impairment, and a more sustained effect due to uniform blood concentration distribution than Gla-100. Study 2: EDITION Clinical Trial Series The EDITION Clinical Trial Series is a worldwide, multicenter, open, randomized trial. It is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Gal-300 in different populations and types of diabetic patients. A total of more than 2,000 subjects participated, divided into Gla-300 and Gla-100 groups. Subjects in each group were given either Gla-300 or Gla-100 basal insulin intervention for 6 months, during which they were given mealtime insulin and/or oral hypoglycemic drug regimens as normal, and were studied for up to 1 year. Study primary endpoint event: glycemic control (change in glycosylated hemoglobin HbA1c) in patients with diabetes mellitus. Secondary endpoint events included the percentage of diabetic patients experiencing at least one definite or severe nocturnal hypoglycemic event, the degree of weight gain, and the degree of increase in basal insulin daily dose after medication administration, especially from week 9 to 6 months (this time point was chosen to avoid transient effects on hypoglycemia after medication change). The results were as follows: (1) Gla-300 and Gla-100 had comparable levels of glycemic control (comparable changes in HbA1c); (2) Gla-300 was able to maintain high serum insulin levels more consistently; (3) patients on Gla-300 had lower rates of nocturnal hypoglycemia and hypoglycemia at any time of the day; (4) patients on Gla-300 had (5) Gla-300 is more flexible and convenient in terms of dosing schedule. For example, the results of the trial confirmed that the increase in basal dosing over time was greater for Gla-300 compared to Gla-100 than for the latter. The exact cause of this phenomenon is unclear, and it is thought to be related to a large increase in the enzymes that inactivate the drug in the tissues due to the long-term retention of the drug under the skin. In conclusion, Gla-300 will likely be administered as basal insulin for either type 1 or type 2 diabetic patients.