Retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis occurs in liver cancer because liver cancer belongs to a kind of malignant tumor, which is caused by the invasiveness of malignant cells. Tumor cells can be detached from the primary site of the lesion in the liver tissue and invade into the surrounding blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, or directly invade into the body cavity and the abdominal cavity. When tumor cells invade into the retroperitoneal lymph nodes, they grow tumors of the same histological origin there. When liver cancer patients develop retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis, there is usually no chance of surgical treatment, and systemic treatments such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy should be considered, and the treatment plan should be adjusted as appropriate according to the efficacy of systemic treatments and the condition of the patient’s body. When liver cancer patients develop retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis, they should keep optimistic attitude to treat the disease and actively cooperate with doctors for treatment.