Epidemic meningomyelitis, abbreviated as rheumatoid encephalitis, is an inflammation of the cerebrospinal membrane caused by meningococcal infection, a common purulent infection of the central nervous system, and can be combined with septic encephalitis or brain abscess in severe cases, a serious intracranial infectious disease. Epidemic meningitis is a respiratory infection, mainly spread by respiratory droplet route, with a high incidence in winter and spring, mostly in children, and can break out in collective units such as kindergartens and schools. The clinical manifestations of epidemic meningitis include symptoms of infection, such as fever, chills or upper respiratory tract infection; manifestations of increased intracranial pressure, such as severe headache, vomiting and impaired consciousness; some patients may develop focal neurological symptoms, such as hemiplegia and aphasia. On examination, signs of meningeal irritation, such as cervical ankylosis, Kernig’s sign and Brudzinski’s sign, and petechiae may appear on the skin. The cerebrospinal fluid is examined for increased pressure, turbid or purulent appearance, increased protein content, markedly decreased sugar content, decreased chloride, and smears may reveal meningococci. The prognosis of rheumatoid brain is closely related to the condition of the body and the timely application of effective antibiotics. Penicillin is preferred for treatment, cefotaxime or ceftriaxone can be used for drug-resistant patients, and chloramphenicol is available for those who are allergic to penicillin.