In the neck, the sympathetic nervous system has two main components, the sympathetic chain and the vertebral nerves. All cervical sympathetic ganglia are gray unmyelinated postganglionic nerves. They originate from the sympathetic ganglia Degenerative changes in the cervical spine and other disorders can cause sympathetic dysfunction. If the transverse processes of the cervical spine move forward or backward, it can also cause the cervical sympathetic ganglion to be stretched and compressed; the intervertebral foramen is deformed and narrowed, so that the sympathetic nerve fibers in the return branch of the spinal membrane are stimulated or compressed, which can also cause sympathetic nerve dysfunction. 1, pathogenesis Many etiologies can cause sympathetic chain syndrome, such as various acute and chronic infections, systemic or local infections, various endogenous and exogenous toxicities, as well as trauma, degenerative spinal diseases, tumors, vascular diseases and chronic irritating lesions. 2, pathogenesis The disease is caused by damage to different sympathetic ganglia, which leads to the corresponding clinical manifestations. The pathological changes vary depending on the primary disease. Infectious inflammation can be seen as intracellular vacuole formation and fatty degeneration with interstitial and peripheral tissue congestion, edema and infiltration, while ganglion cell necrosis can be seen due to poisoning and sepsis. The fibers emanating from the upper, middle and lower cervical sympathetic ganglia and thoracic 2-5 sympathetic ganglia form the cardiac plexus, so cervical spondylosis can cause arrhythmias in some cases. If there is also cervical 2 to thoracic 5 involvement of sympathetic ganglia, it can cause symptoms similar to angina pectoris of coronary heart disease. Injury to the cervical sympathetic nerves can cause three types of reflex sympathetic dystrophy manifestations in the upper extremities. Most of these cases do not have segmental radicular pain. When the cervical 5 or cervical 6 nerve roots are stimulated, they manifest as shoulder joint and periarticular pain, which can develop into shoulder arthritis and periarticular shoulder arthritis, or even shoulder atrophy.