1. What is IVF? In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer, commonly known as “IVF” technology, refers to the complete process of removing eggs from a woman’s body, culturing them in vitro, adding treated sperm to fertilize them, and developing the fertilized eggs into 6-8 oocytes or blastocysts, which are transferred back to the mother’s uterus for implantation. Therefore, IVF is not grown in a test tube, but just a few days after the eggs are fertilized and grown in a petri dish in the embryo lab. In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (commonly known as first-generation IVF) is a technique in which the eggs are removed from the mother and placed in a Petri dish with sperm that has been preferentially induced and treated, so that the eggs are naturally fertilized in vitro and developed into embryos for transfer back to the mother. Indications include: (1) tubal infertility, such as bilateral obstruction or removal of fallopian tubes, severe pelvic adhesions, damage to the endometrium of the fallopian tubes resulting in impaired gamete transport, etc.; (2) endometriosis, failure to conceive with other treatments; (3) ovulation disorders, failure to conceive with repeated ovulation treatments (more than 3 times); (4) repeated failure of artificial insemination; (5) unexplained infertility; (6) low, weak or abnormal spermatozoa in the male partner (5) unexplained infertility 3, intracytoplasmic single sperm microinjection (commonly known as second-generation IVF) is a technique in which sperm is injected directly into the plasma of the egg cell with a microinjection needle to complete fertilization of the egg, a form of artificial intervention in insemination, requiring only a few to several dozen sperm. This technique offers hope to male patients who used to be considered incurable. 4. Indications include: (1) severe oligospermia, weakness, and teratozoospermia; (2) irreversible obstructive azoospermia; (3) spermatogenic dysfunction (excluding those due to genetic defective diseases); (4) previous natural fertilization failure or fertilization rate below 30%; (5) sperm acrosome abnormalities.