1.If the knee joint hurts going up and down stairs, you can find the cause in the lumbar two and three; 2.If the lumbar pain directly find the lumbar three and four; Guo Wei, Department of Orthopedic Treatment of Chinese and Western Medicine, Air Force General Hospital 3.If the pain on the outside of the leg checks the lumbar four and five; 4.If the pain on the back side of the leg finds the lumbar five and sacral one; 5.If the pain is aggravated after rest and reduced after activity finds the intervertebral disc; reduced after rest and aggravated after activity finds the spinal stenosis; 6.If the urination and defecation 6.If the urine and stool are abnormal, it means that the hip joint may be impaired. 7.If the inner thigh is restricted, look for sacroiliac. 8, one side of the pain for lumbar protrusion. 9, pain on both sides for spinal stenosis. 10, three points of pain for bulging, hernia. 11, the middle pain for injury tendons. 12, more than three years can be calcified hyperplasia. 13, backward bulge for posterior protrusion. 14, spinal collapse for anterior protrusion, and then for slippage. 15.The pain on one side of the two joints is twisting. 16.Cross pain for rotation. 17, 3 sections of pain on one side for rheumatism. 18.4.5 pain on both sides for kidney deficiency. 19, 5, 1 both sides of pain for rheumatism. 20.Muscle stiffness (morning stiffness) and restricted movement of lumbar spine are spinal ankylosis. The cause of lumbar disc herniation: mainly degenerative degeneration of the intervertebral disc itself, such as trauma, chronic strain, and cold and damp factors, and the lumbar intervertebral disc fibrous ring rupture, so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes. The clinical manifestations of disc herniation in different areas: the pressure point, lower limb hyperalgesia, reflexes, X-ray and spinal canal imaging and CT, etc. are used to clearly locate the disc. Lumbar 3-lumbar 4 disc herniation (pressure on the lumbar 4 nerve) pain in the lumbar region, one hip, posterior lateral thigh, and radiation to the anterior thigh and anterior medial calf; numbness in the anterior medial calf; decreased or absent knee reflexes; pressure points at the lumbar 3 spinous process equivalent to the intervertebral space; weak knee extension; lumbar 4-lumbar 5 disc herniation (pressure on the lumbar 5 nerve) pain in the sacroiliac joint, iliac joint, and posterior lateral thigh and calf and radiates to the anterolateral calf, dorsum of the foot and bunions. Numbness in the lateral dorsum of the lower leg including the bunion; reduced dorsiflexion of the bunion; unchanged or reduced Achilles tendon reflex; pressure points adjacent to the lumbar 4 spinous process; lumbar 5-sacral 1 disc herniation (compression of the sacral 1 nerve) pain in the buttock, thigh and posterior lateral calf and foot on the lumbosacral side; numbness in the lateral foot including the lateral third toe; reduced plantarflexion of the foot and bunion; weakness or atrophy of the triceps calf; reduced Achilles tendon reflex or disappearance of the Achilles tendon reflex; significant pressure points next to the spinous process of lumbar 5; sensory numbness or hypersensitivity in the buttocks and lateral thighs, weak quadriceps, and diminished knee reflex in lumbar 2-lumbar 3 disc herniation. Central lumbar disc herniation: When a large piece of disc tissue protrudes to the center, it often manifests as pain in the lumbar region and the second lower limb, and numbness and weakness in the second lower limb, and in severe cases, the inability to walk is similar to paraplegia, loss of perineal sensation, urinary and fecal dysfunction, and loss of testicular reflex and anal reflex, etc. After surgery, sexual dysfunction of varying severity can be left behind. Lumbar disc herniation can be accompanied by lumbar spinal stenosis, but lumbar spinal stenosis can be without lumbar disc herniation. Identification method: Intermittent claudication: i.e., lower limb claudication, pain and numbness due to ischemic transradiculitis of the corresponding vertebral segment caused by walking. The pain can disappear by crouching down and resting for a few moments. That is, walk again, after another attack, and then rest, so called “intermittent claudication”; lumbar disc herniation combined with spinal stenosis can occur at the same time. Although a similar phenomenon sometimes occurs in simple disc herniation, it is slightly relieved after rest and hardly disappears completely. Patients with spinal stenosis often complain of many complaints, and on physical examination the root deficiency changes disappear or, as a result of rest while waiting for a consultation, to the point of no positive findings. It is significantly different from the persistent radiculopathy off and human-computer interaction that occurs in the case of lumbar disc herniation. Posterior lumbar extension is limited, but anterior flexion is possible: the symptoms are aggravated and pain is caused because the effective interval in the lumbar spinal canal is reduced even more with posterior extension. Therefore, the patient is limited in lumbar extension and prefers an anterior flexion position that increases the volume of the spinal canal. For this reason, patients may experience “bicycling for miles but walking for hundreds of meters”. This is distinctly different from disc herniation. The sciatic nerve is a combination of five nerve roots: lumbar 4, lumbar 5, sacral 1, and sacral 3. As long as the sciatic nerve is strained, all five nerve roots are also strained. If there is any protrusion in front of the nerve root, even a slight contact, this stretched nerve root will be compressed from the front, causing sciatica. The straight leg raise test is important in the diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation and is positive in 90% of patients with disc herniation. In normal human standing activities, the discs receive pressure from the body weight. The lumbar region is the most active part and is subject to a lot of pressure and wear and tear. Degeneration of the intervertebral discs begins to occur around the age of 30. If the rate of degenerative changes in the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus is consistent, there is more narrowing of the gap and general bulging of the annulus fibrosus. According to this balanced and consistent degeneration, the cartilage plate also ossifies, and the vertebral joint tends to stabilize. Except for a slight shortening of the entire spine and restriction of lumbar movement, it does not produce back pain. However, if the degeneration of both is unbalanced, such as early and obvious changes in the annulus fibrosus, its toughness is reduced, the nucleus pulposus pressure remains unchanged, and the elasticity is still good, even without obvious trauma, the annulus fibrosus can be ruptured. If the ring is subjected to large rotation or distortion, the ring can rupture posteriorly and laterally in an annular or radial pattern. The annular rupture is usually located in the peripheral part of the disc and can cause acute low back pain clinically, while the radial rupture will cause the nucleus pulposus to bulge outward to the edge of the disc, but the outer fibrous ring can remain intact. At this time, the nucleus pulposus is squeezed into the fissure under greater pressure, and later, when the lumbar region keeps moving and exerting force, the nucleus pulposus will gradually protrude outward and compress the root, causing sciatica. External factors such as wind, cold and humidity can make the lumbar muscles tense or spasm, increasing the pressure on the intervertebral disc, increasing the damage to the fibrous ring and causing the nucleus pulposus to bulge or protrude. At the same time, cold factors can make the local small blood vessels contract, affecting the local blood circulation, affecting the nutrition of the intervertebral disc, also leading to pulpal bulge or protrusion. Clinically, there are also often some patients, due to prolonged sitting and lying on the wetlands occurred lumbar disc herniation. Therefore, in prevention and treatment, it is important to emphasize lumbar warmth and protection from cold.