Pyelonephritis is a kind of urinary tract infection, the main causative organism is Escherichia coli, 85% of the pyelonephritis is caused by E. coli, this bacterium reaches the renal pelvis area through the bladder, ureter, which causes frequent urination, urgency, painful urination as well as high fever, chills, and lumbago, which are the clinical symptoms. To prevent pyelonephritis, the main thing to do is to drink more water, urinate more often, do not hold urine, often this disease is likely to occur in women of childbearing age, and men after 50 years old. Lifestyle changes can prevent pyelonephritis to a great extent. If pyelonephritis develops, antibiotic treatment is needed. Quinolones or cephalosporins can be chosen empirically to fight infection. After two weeks of effective antibiotic treatment and normal results, the medication can be stopped, and follow-up attention should be paid to prevent the recurrence of pyelonephritis.