1, When conservative treatment fails, surgery should be considered. 2. Patients most suitable for surgery are those with unilateral leg pain or pain mainly concentrated on one side, whose pain radiates below the knee joint and whose symptoms persist for more than 6 weeks and are relieved by rest, anti-inflammatory therapy or epidural hormone therapy, but the symptoms recur to the initial severity after at least 6-8 weeks of conservative treatment. 3. The presence of cauda equina syndrome with significant neurological impairment, especially large and small bowel dysfunction, necessitates emergency surgery. 4. In cases with intermittent claudication, there is spinal stenosis at the same time, and non-surgical treatment is generally not effective, so surgery should be performed as soon as possible. 5, combined with lumbar isthmic fracture and lumbar spine slippage or lumbar instability, the herniated disc tissue should be surgically removed and lumbar spine fusion should be performed at the same time. 6, surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation, the main purpose is to relieve the symptoms of lumbar and leg pain, and patients who mainly manifest lumbar pain may not be able to eliminate the main postoperative pain, such patients should be carefully selected.