Laryngeal cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the head and neck, and there are unified treatment guidelines internationally. According to international standards combined with our own actual situation, the experts collectively argued and formulated China’s laryngeal cancer treatment guidelines in 2009, which laid the foundation for the standardized treatment of laryngeal cancer. However, the treatment of laryngeal cancer still faces certain challenges. In the recent National Conference on Head and Neck Cancer held in Hangzhou, experts agreed that the treatment effect of laryngeal cancer has decreased compared with that of 10 years ago, and there are many reasons for this. Using the same treatment plan for different individuals not only cannot improve the treatment effect, but also causes waste of medical resources and even causes harm to patients. Currently, the relationship between individual differences and therapeutic efficacy is getting more and more attention from doctors and scholars. The so-called individualized treatment is to formulate corresponding treatment plan according to different conditions of each patient, and with the development of evidence-based medicine, individualized treatment of laryngeal cancer will become the focus of clinical treatment and basic research. Individualized surgery is the main treatment modality for laryngeal cancer, which is selected and implemented individually according to the primary site, scope and patient’s compliance. Radiotherapy is also an important treatment for laryngeal cancer, but the treatment effect varies greatly among individuals, and the sensitivity of radiotherapy varies among individuals with the same tumor, leading to uncertainty in the efficacy of radiotherapy for tumors, which requires individualized radiotherapy regimens for each patient. However, chemotherapy is a double-edged sword, and the ideal mode of drug therapy is to improve the maximum efficacy while avoiding side effects as much as possible. Individualized preoperative evaluation and surgical selection can prolong patients’ survival and better improve their quality of life. Through pharmacogenomic and pharmacogenetic studies, we can screen sensitive chemotherapy drugs for different laryngeal cancer patients and develop individualized chemotherapy regimens to improve drug safety and reduce treatment costs. In conclusion, in laryngeal cancer treatment, clinicians should not only follow the clinical evidence-based medicine and formulate treatment plans according to the prevailing treatment guidelines, but also analyze specific problems individually in order to achieve more satisfactory treatment results.