Cranial repair is a routine procedure in neurosurgery, as well as a very classical and time-honored surgical procedure, which was practiced by our ancestors thousands of years ago. After a long history of development and evolution, by the modern medical environment and medical conditions, the technique of skull repair surgery has become very mature. And as the technology has continued to advance and improve, cranial repair materials have undergone constant iterations. From the earliest flannel sheet coverings, to later metal sheets, to animal bone, autologous bone, silicone, plexiglass, ceramic, bone cement, and then to today’s major applications such as titanium mesh and polyether ether ketone PEEK, material performance has continued to advance and repair results have continued to improve. Some people ask if bone cement is the same as craniomaxillofacial repair of the skull. Actually, Craniomaximal U is a brand of bone cement. The bone cement repair of the skull also has certain defects, such as brittle bone cement molding, easy infection, and more postoperative complications. Including bone cement, but also more materials in the past, are basically withdrawn from the stage because of various problems, and most of them are no longer used clinically. Even the titanium alloy material, which is more widely used in clinical practice, still has some problems and shortcomings, such as postoperative infection, rejection, abrasion of the scalp, material exposure, collapse and deformation by force, hindering CT magnetic resonance examination, sensitivity and discomfort to external hot and cold environment, and poor shaping effect, etc. In recent years, the emerging polyetheretherketone PEEK material is a more excellent performance and better restoration of the material. The properties of polyetheretherketone PEEK are very close to those of autologous cranial bone, with excellent performance in terms of stiffness, strength, elasticity, thermal insulation, histocompatibility, radiographic transmission, magnetic field compatibility, etc. Moreover, it can be shaped in three dimensions, customized, precisely embedded in the bone window, and has a good cosmetic appearance. Currently, our team is widely applying this advanced polyetheretherketone PEEK as a cranial repair material, and we are constantly improving and upgrading the technology and optimizing the design of the material, as well as innovatively introducing the concept of aesthetic plastic surgery, so as to carry out comprehensive PEEK cranial repair and plastic surgery, which can achieve anatomical integrity, functional perfection, and aesthetic appearance of the overall unity.