With the improvement of the overall standard of living of the Chinese population, the incidence of diabetes has also risen sharply as in developed countries. Recent surveys show that the prevalence of diabetes in adults in China has reached 10.9%, which means that every 10 people, there is a diabetes! Diabetes horror is horrible in it is a systemic disease, to vascular thickening damage as the basic characteristics of the organs involved in the whole body, the organs involved in the end of chronic ischemic damage until functional failure. Therefore, it is extremely important to master the basics of diabetes, not only for the prevention of diabetes, but also to help prevent the occurrence and progress of various comorbidities. Currently, the international standards for the determination of diabetes mellitus are as follows: 1. Normal value: Generally, fasting whole blood glucose is 3.9-6.1 mmol/L (70-110 mg/dL), and plasma glucose is 3.9-6.9 mmol/L (70-125 mg/dL). 2 hours after meal: blood glucose ≤ 7.8 mmol/L. 2.Diabetes mellitus: fasting whole blood glucose ≥6.7 mmol/L (120 mg/dL), plasma glucose ≥7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL), 2 repeated measurements can be diagnosed as diabetes mellitus. 2 hours after meal: blood glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/l (200 mg). 3.Diabetes mellitus with caution: when fasting whole blood glucose is above 5.6 mmol/l (100 mg/dl) and plasma glucose is above 6.4 mmol/l (115 mg/dl), glucose tolerance test should be done. If there are obvious symptoms of diabetes, a 2-hour postprandial glucose measurement should be performed. The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is likely to be confirmed when the following conditions occur: 1. Typical symptoms of polydipsia, polyuria and lethargy, with fasting blood glucose of 126 mg (7.0 mmol/l) or postprandial blood glucose of ≥200 mg (11.1 mmol/l); 2. No typical symptoms, but only fasting blood glucose of 126 mg (7.0 mmol/l) or postprandial blood glucose of 200 mg (11.1 mmol/l). Repeat the test again, and if the above values are still reached, the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus can be confirmed. 3.Without typical symptoms, only fasting blood glucose 126mg (7.0 mmol/l) or postprandial blood glucose 200mg (11.1 mmol/l) glucose tolerance test 2 hours blood glucose 200mg (11.1 mmol/l) can be diagnosed as diabetes mellitus. For all diabetic patients should know the following points: 1, fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose is normal that diabetes control is stable? Fasting and postprandial blood glucose values, which only reflect the level of blood glucose in the recent period, are the main reference values for treatment. However, they are easily affected by factors such as eating and glucose metabolism, and are not a stable value. The internationally recognized gold standard for diabetes monitoring is glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1C), which reflects the average blood glucose level in the last 2-3 months, and all diabetic patients should be rechecked regularly (half a year). 2. Does normalization of blood glucose mean stable diabetes control? In the early stages of diabetes, blood glucose can be restored to normal levels through treatment, but this only means that the condition is under control, which does not mean that diabetes is cured. The pathogenesis of diabetes is complex, high blood glucose is only one of the links that lead to changes in the condition, normal blood glucose control does not mean that the lesions have been terminated. The treatment of diabetes is not simply reduce blood sugar, the core of its treatment is to prevent various complications of diabetes (diabetic nephropathy, optic polypharmacy, coronary heart disease, various blood clots, etc.), so far, diabetes is not a cure for diabetes, once diabetes should be prepared to fight a protracted war of thought, can not be easily discontinued treatment. 3, the standardized treatment of diabetes is to adhere to the medication? Many people with diabetes believe that the treatment of diabetes as long as you take your hypoglycemic drugs on time. In fact, diabetes requires comprehensive treatment, firmly grasp the “five carriages” such as dietary therapy, exercise therapy, drug therapy, psychotherapy and monitoring of blood glucose, etc., alone can not ideally control blood glucose at normal levels. In order to prevent the occurrence and development of diabetic complications, in addition to controlling blood glucose, it is also necessary to comprehensively control a series of indicators, such as weight, blood lipids, blood pressure, blood viscosity.