Chronic low back pain is very common in clinical practice and refers to the symptoms of a group of diseases caused by various causes of chronic low back pain accompanied by radiating numbness and pain in the lower limbs. Among them, causes such as lumbar disc herniation and lumbar spinal stenosis are more common, and other causes such as congenital or acquired traumatic deformity of the lumbar spine are also included. Various causes cause compression of the lumbar nerve roots, resulting in low back pain and even radiating pain and numbness in the lower extremities, and sciatica is the most common manifestation of compression of the lumbar nerve roots. Since the compression persists for a long time and will slowly intensify, the patient’s pain will worsen over time, and even manifestations of incomplete paralysis such as walking weakness or urinary and fecal dysfunction may occur. However, because the nerve is compressed for a long time and gradually adapts to the physiological environment of ischemia and hypoxia, complete paralysis of both lower limbs does not usually occur. Doctors are able to clarify the cause of lumbar pain through detailed physical examination combined with imaging examinations such as X-ray, CT or MRI. Although lumbar spine tuberculosis and tumors can also cause symptoms such as low back pain and radiating numbness and pain in the lower limbs, they are generally not classified as chronic low back pain because their treatment principles and prognosis are different from those of general low back pain. In addition, certain gynecological diseases and kidney diseases can also cause similar symptoms, and sometimes they may be confused with orthopedic diseases, so attention should be paid to differentiation.