Definition of functional neurosurgery: The branch of medicine that uses surgical methods to correct abnormalities in the function of the nervous system is functional neurosurgery, earlier also known as physiological neurosurgery, or applied neurophysiology. Surgery targets specific nerve roots, neural pathways or neuronal groups, aiming to consciously change their pathological processes and re-establish the normal function of neural tissue. The therapeutic scope of functional neurosurgery: 1. Movement disorders Once known as extrapyramidal diseases, they are a group of diseases with movement disorders as the main clinical feature due to lesions in the basal ganglia area. Parkinson’s disease is a typical representative of them, in addition to primary tremor, dystonia, chorea and tic obscura syndrome. Cerebral palsy can also be classified as such from the perspective of affecting motor function; 2. Epilepsy Seizures are the main clinical feature of epilepsy, and the performance of seizures widely affects mental, motor, sensory and vegetative nerves, and can be completely normal in the interictal period. Depending on the anatomical location of the epileptogenic focus, it can be divided into temporal lobe epilepsy, frontal lobe epilepsy, parieto-occipital lobe epilepsy and some epileptic syndromes. 3. pain is often a symptom of the disease, and some can also be called disease alone. Surgical procedures are used to treat those with chronic intractable pain. Typical ones are such as herpes zoster neuralgia, phantom limb pain, amputation pain, thalamic pain, pelvic pain, abdominal pain, thoracic pain, low back pain, and trigeminal neuralgia and glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Facial spasm is an exception, except for a few patients with facial spasm accompanied by trigeminal neuralgia, which should not be included in the category of pain, but is often discussed together because, like the treatment of trigeminal nerve, microvascular decompression surgery is effective; 4. Mental disorders The history of surgical methods for the treatment of mental disorders can be traced back to the last hundred years, and much effort has been put into the treatment of schizophrenia. The advent of chlorpromazine led to the abandonment of this highly disabling procedure, and in recent years, although advances in surgical techniques have made the threat of serious complications less and less likely, data show that the efficacy of surgery for schizophrenia is extremely limited, and the more certain indications for surgery are anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and depression.