Two weeks before the holiday, 58-year-old Wang Da Ma went to a hairdresser near her home to dye her white hair black. When she was done, she looked at herself in the mirror and was very satisfied. The first thing you need to do is to get back to your home, but after half a day, her scalp is getting more and more itchy, take a look, a piece of red spots, papules, and blisters. The actual itch is unbearable, Wang Da-mo can’t help but scratch with her hands, this is bad, the blisters broke. The actual fact is that you can find a lot of people who are not able to get a good deal on this. The result of the consultation is: hair dye dermatitis. This is a typical “silver-haired family” hair dye resulting in allergic dermatitis.
Allergic dermatitis, also known as allergic dermatitis, is a dermatitis caused by allergens (allergens) through the mechanism of allergic reactions, which are inflammatory skin reactions caused by many factors. Allergic dermatitis is the most common disease in dermatology, and with modernization and environmental changes, exposure to chemicals is increasing, making people significantly more likely to develop allergic dermatitis. Common clinical atopic dermatitis includes contact dermatitis, dyed hair dermatitis, eczema, etc. The allergic reactions due to different causative factors are different.
I. Internal and external factors in the development of allergic dermatitis
The cause of allergic dermatitis is complex, and its onset is related to a variety of internal and external factors. The internal factors are the patient’s own “allergic constitution”, that is, very sensitive to various external stimuli, which plays a leading role in the development of atopic dermatitis, the patient sometimes can not tolerate the stimuli that are harmless to normal people. The instability of the internal environment such as chronic digestive diseases, mental stress, insomnia, excessive fatigue, emotional changes and other mental changes, as well as infectious lesions, metabolic disorders and endocrine dysfunction can trigger or aggravate the condition of atopic dermatitis.
There are also many external factors, including diet, inhalants, climate, exposure to allergens and other factors. Among them, seafood, spicy food, wine, inhalation of pollen, dust mites, cold weather, exposure to chemicals, soaps, detergents, etc. are the most common triggers of atopic dermatitis. Because of such complex causes, it makes atopic dermatitis recurring due to numerous intertwined pathogenic and triggering factors.
Second, the common features of atopic dermatitis
The basic features: Allergic dermatitis is the damage produced by the causative factors on the skin through the metamorphic reaction of the body’s immune system, and by grasping this, it is easy to distinguish from dermatitis with a name close to or similar to it.
The allergic process: from the irritant, i.e., the allergen, to the skin lesions, there is a period of time, most of the first time not onset, the second time after the onset, which is the result of the immune system brewing allergic reaction.
There are family genetic characteristics: a high percentage of families have a history of genetic allergies such as urticaria, asthma or allergic rhinitis. Both parents have a history of genetic allergies, and their children have a higher chance of developing atopic dermatitis. Therefore, when you find that your child has dermatitis, you should check the history of allergies in your family.
There are recurrent features: most of them recur after contact with the allergen, but sometimes the allergen is not obvious and should be carefully traced.
Three, the clinical manifestations of common allergic dermatitis and diagnostic methods.
1, contact dermatitis.
Is due to the skin mucous membrane contact with certain substances, in contact with the site of an acute skin inflammatory reaction. The cause of its occurrence can be divided into primary irritation and metaplasia. Clinical manifestations are erythema, blisters, blisters and even necrosis, etc. The site and extent of lesions are consistent with the site of contact with the substance, the boundary is clear, and the disease process is self-limiting.
2.Eczema.
Is a variety of internal and external factors caused by a variety of inflammatory skin diseases with a pronounced tendency to exude, the cause is complex, generally not easy to find, the clinical process is more chronic, alternating between improvement and aggravation. The rash pattern of eczema is diverse, with the acute phase showing erythema, papules, and papules with edema, and in severe cases, blistering and exudation can occur, with scratch marks and crusting; in chronic cases, there is limited infiltration and hypertrophy. Itching is intense and prone to recurrence. According to its clinical manifestations are divided into acute, subacute and chronic.
Four, allergic dermatitis treatment countermeasures
1. Treatment goals for atopic dermatitis.
To control skin inflammation as soon as possible, relieve itching, and improve and enhance the quality of life of patients by delaying and alleviating attacks.
2, the general principles of prevention of atopic dermatitis: the cause should be sought and eliminated and avoided as much as possible.
(1) Reduce the triggering aggravating factors and stimulating factors such as mechanical factors (scratching, friction); physicochemical factors (hot water washing, high temperature, low humidity, irritating drugs); biological factors (plants and animals, microbial infections, etc.); mental tension or emotional depression or digestive disorders.
(2) Keep away from allergic factors, which is the most fundamental way to prevent atopic dermatitis. Minimize environmental allergens, such as inhalant allergens (any substance that can be inhaled through the whistle is a potential allergen), including dust, dust mites, cotton wool, pollen (spring, summer and fall), animal hair, fungi, insects and smoke. Food allergens (are allergens that cause allergic reactions through ingestion), including fish, shrimp, crab, beef and lamb, eggs, milk, peanuts, soybeans and nuts. Contact allergens (allergens that cause allergic reactions through contact with skin or mucous membranes), including clothing, dyes, cosmetics, jewelry, topical medications, lacquers, organic solvents, hair dyes and disinfectants, etc. In order to create a healthy and hygienic environment, always keep indoor hygiene, open windows, maintain appropriate temperature and humidity, and do not use disinfectants indiscriminately; minimize children’s exposure to pollen in spring; avoid direct sunlight in summer; do not keep pets at home, especially not indoors; use less carpets and vacuum more often; do not use electric blankets; avoid irritating cosmetics, etc.
(3) care for the skin, scientific and reasonable bathing, choose acidity (PH) neutral, non-irritating soap; not indiscriminate use of skin care products, underwear to choose soft cotton fabrics, should not wear wool, chemical fiber fabrics, these fabrics are rougher, and irritating to the skin, easy to trigger dermatitis, eczema.
(4) Pay attention to dietary regimen, balanced nutrition, eat more fruits, vegetables and other vitamin-rich foods, vitamin C is a natural antihistamine agent, should be taken from the diet every day. Eat less fish and shrimp, beef and mutton and greasy, sweet and stimulating foods.