Cranial repair is now a relatively routine procedure in neurosurgery and also a procedure with a very long history. It has been proven that our ancestors started this surgical practice thousands of years ago. After thousands of years of development, the technique of cranial repair surgery has become very mature, and cranial repair materials have been changed several times, and today there are more mature and ideal cranial repair materials. Autologous bone, tibia, rib, shoulder bone, skeleton and sternum were used for cranial repair, but most of them were eliminated due to limited access, the need to open a second surgical area, the resorbability of the graft and the difficulty of shaping. The use of animal bone, dog skull, cow horn, and ivory as materials has been reported from time to time, but was abandoned due to obvious foreign body reactions and other discomforts. Later, hydroxyapatite, calcium phosphate bone cement, plexiglass and other materials were also used, but they were gradually discarded because of various discomforts. Currently, titanium mesh material is widely used in clinical practice, which has made some progress over other traditional materials in the past. However, this material is not very ideal either, and its performance in terms of heat insulation, tissue compatibility, plasticity, strength, toughness, etc. is somewhat different, and it leads to some patients to have cold and heat sensitivity, rejection, infection, pain and other uncomfortable symptoms after surgery. The ideal material for cranial repair is polyether ether ketone, or PEEK, which is an emerging material in recent years. PEEK is a special polymer material with good biocompatibility, complex shaping, excellent mechanical properties, good protective properties, and high postoperative comfort, and is gradually becoming a new trend in cranial repair materials.