Abscesses formed in the soft tissues of the perianorectal space due to acute and chronic purulent infections are called perianorectal abscesses and are a common anorectal disease. It can develop at any age, but is mostly seen in young adults. The disease has a rapid onset, is painful and intense, and is mostly accompanied by fever and discomfort around the body. It even affects defecation and forms an anal fistula when it breaks down. Therefore, anorectal abscess is considered as an anorectal emergency and should be strived for early surgery and early treatment to avoid the formation of anal fistula. The only correct and effective treatment for perianal abscesses is early surgery. Other treatments, such as the use of antibiotics, hot water baths and local physiotherapy, are all symptomatic adjunctive treatments and cannot achieve the goal of cure. The key to surgery is to deal with the internal orifice (infected anal gland), otherwise it will easily recur or turn into an anal fistula. The reason for early surgery is that the tissues around the anus are loose and there are many gaps, so when infection occurs in one gap, it often spreads to other gaps quickly and causes mixed infection in several gaps, so perianal abscess should be operated early to avoid increasing the complexity of the abscess, increasing the difficulty of surgery and the time of treatment, and delaying the disease. In addition to surgery, postoperative drug exchange and care are also crucial to the treatment and postoperative recovery of perianal abscesses. Therefore, patients with perianal abscess are required to actively cooperate with doctors in treatment and pay sufficient attention to postoperative care of perianal abscess, especially self-care after discharge. We suggest that after discharge from hospital: 1. Keep the bowels open, and eat more coarse grains, beans, vegetables, fruits and other fiber-rich foods. In summer, you should also try to eat less spicy and dry food. Defecation should not deliberately focus on daily defecation or regular defecation, which should be when there is a bowel movement which time to defecate, so as not to wait not to tolerate. Do not read books and newspapers when defecating, avoid squatting for a long time or make too much effort to struggle, etc. 2.Treat systemic diseases that can cause perianal abscess in time, such as diabetes, ulcerative colitis, intestinal tuberculosis, Crohn’s disease, etc. 3.Actively prevent and treat other anal diseases, such as anal sinusitis, anal papillomegaly, anal fissure, inflammatory hemorrhoids, proctitis, etc. Timely, correct and effective treatment of these diseases can avoid and reduce the occurrence of perianal infections and abscesses. Patients who are treated surgically in our hospital are generally given simultaneous treatment for any other anal diseases other than abscesses. 4.Actively exercising and strengthening the body can enhance and improve the blood circulation in the anus, which can improve the local resistance to disease and prevent the occurrence of infection. 5. Outpatient follow-up. Treatment advice if the following conditions are encountered after discharge from hospital: 1. Recurrence. The possible recurrence of perianal abscess after surgery is recognized by the anorectal community. Especially for high, multi-interstitial abscesses, a second or even multiple operations may be required to heal them. No surgeon can guarantee that a perianal abscess can be cured once and never recur. The recurrence rate of our department, which has the advantage of more than ten years of specialized research in anorectal medicine, is also about l%. Therefore, patients must pay attention to the fact that if there is any discomfort such as local redness, swelling, heat and pain in the anus after discharge from the hospital, they should return to the hospital in time for follow-up to avoid delaying the disease. 2. Bleeding. The local blood vessels in the anus are rich, and the surgical wound is often fresh when the patient is discharged from the hospital, and the dryness of the stool, the friction of the underwear and the toilet paper may rub the skin of the wound that has not yet fully healed, and there may be blood on the toilet paper or even a small amount of blood dripping during the stool, which are normal phenomena. However, if a large amount of bleeding occurs after discharge, you should come to the hospital in time for treatment. 3. Pain. The nerves around the anus are rich and sensitive to various stimuli. The scar formed after surgery is hard in the early stage and the blood supply is insufficient, so local pain like pinprick may appear or local distension of the anus may occur. With the passage of time, the scar will gradually soften and the blood supply will be sufficient, and the symptoms of anal pain and discomfort will disappear. 4. Anal function damage. The source of infection of perianal abscess is usually the anal gland. There are several perianal gaps, which are characterized by mutual communication, more lax surrounding tissues, more fat, fewer nerves and larger volume. Once an anal gland is infected, it will spread along each interstitial space if left untreated. The vast majority of perianal abscesses develop from anal gland infections. The infection crosses the anal sphincter and then spreads to the perianal tissue. The infected sphincter must be incised during surgery in order to achieve the goal of “adequate incision and unobstructed drainage”. However, cutting the sphincter is bound to cause different degrees of damage to the anal sphincter, which leads to different degrees of damage to the anal function. The paradox of protecting the function and curing the disease is a worldwide problem. Although specialized anorectal surgeons can minimize the degree of anal sphincter damage, they are not exempt from affecting anal function intraoperatively. If you experience a sense of urgency, anal overflow, dampness, or itching, you should come to the hospital for a timely review.