Who is cataract surgery for
Cataract ultrasound phacoemulsification surgery is indicated when one of the following conditions occurs.
1. vision loss and glare due to cataract that affects the patient’s life, work or study
2. Those who are over 45 years old with ultra-high myopia or bilateral refractive disparity, although cataracts have not yet affected vision, can consider early surgery in order to solve the problem of poor corrected vision or bilateral imbalance;
3. The cloudiness of the lens obviously hinders the diagnosis and treatment of fundus pathology, such as diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, etc;
4. the lens itself is diseased and has led to an inflammatory response to partial angle closure glaucoma.
Who is not suitable for surgery
Cataract ultrasound emulsification surgery is contraindicated or prudent when one of the following conditions exists.
1. the patient’s life needs can be met by improving visual function through vision correction methods such as wearing glasses
2. visual acuity may not be improved or glare symptoms may not be improved after ultrasound emulsification surgery
3. the patient’s quality of life has not been significantly affected
4. the patient has a serious systemic disease (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, recent myocardial infarction, frequent visceral colic, poorly controlled diabetes, poorly controlled hypertension, etc.) or an ocular disease that interferes with the safe performance of the ultrasound emulsification procedure.
What preparation is needed before surgery
At present, cataract ultrasound emulsification with IOL implantation is the only effective treatment for cataract and the most mature surgery in ophthalmology, but it still requires pre-surgical examination and preparation, which includes the following four aspects.
1. Control of systemic underlying diseases.
Cataract is a common and frequent disease in the elderly. According to statistics, the average age of cataract surgery patients in outpatient clinics is 75 years old, and most of them are accompanied by systemic underlying diseases, and these underlying diseases, as long as they are reasonably controlled, can be subjected to cataract surgery.
2. Control of ocular diseases.
No infectious diseases such as ocular surface and tear sac, uveitis under certain control, no diseases such as fresh hemorrhage in the fundus and retinal detachment, no ocular ischemic diseases and active optic neuropathy.
3. Systemic examination.
Blood pressure, pulse, whistle, heart rate, mental acuity, routine blood, urine, infection screening, bleeding/coagulation function, complete biochemistry, electrocardiogram and chest X-ray, etc.
4. Eye examination.
Routine eye examination: ocular biometry and IOL refractive error calculation
Other eye examinations that may be required: including visual acuity, red-green vision, intraocular pressure, lacrimal apparatus, slit lamp, fundoscopy, etc.
Examination of eye axis, anterior chamber depth, corneal curvature, corneal diameter, and refraction of both eyes, etc. Based on the above results, IOL refraction calculation will be performed.
Ophthalmology ultrasound, corneal endothelial lens and corneal thickness, corneal topography, OCT, laser vision, contrast sensitivity, wavefront phase difference and other visual function and visual effect examinations, as well as visual electrophysiological examination.
How to better cooperate with doctors during surgery
Modern cataract extraction surgery is a delicate microsurgery, usually performed under surface anesthesia, requiring only 3-4 doses of anesthetic eye drops. During the entire procedure, the patient is fully aware that the surgeon is operating on him or her. How to cooperate with the surgeon during the surgery to achieve a good result is the most important thing every cataract patient wants to do, but it is also something that patients are not quite sure about.
1. Be relaxed about the surgery. Although the surgery is performed with surface or local anesthesia, there is no pain, so patients can walk into the operating room in a completely relaxed state of mind.
2. After lying flat on the operating table, take a deep breath, relax as much as possible, put both hands naturally against the sides of the operating bed, and open both eyes at the same time, with the operating eye looking at the light of the operating microscope and the other eye covered.
3. The nurse will disinfect your eye, usually for one eye, if you have any discomfort, please inform the disinfection doctor.
4. Please do not move your hands during the surgery. Do not move your head or turn your eye suddenly to avoid accidental eye injury.
5. During surgery, there may be mild eye distension and other discomfort due to the bright light and surgical operation, please open your mouth to breathe in and out, and do not exclude your breath.
6. Do not cough suddenly during surgery, as coughing will increase the intraocular pressure and is not conducive to the normal operation. If you have to cough, please signal in advance and cough again after the operation has stopped.
7. Do not talk during the operation because it may cause displacement of the delicate structures of the eye under the operating microscope.
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