Cardiac surgery is an emerging discipline that started in the 1950’s. With the development of medicine, not only cardiac surgery techniques are becoming more and more mature, but also the rise of interventional therapies has brought unprecedented challenges to cardiac surgery. In view of this, a new branch of cardiac surgery called “minimally invasive cardiac surgery” has emerged with the aim of reducing surgical trauma, speeding up patient recovery and reducing medical costs by using a surgical approach different from that of traditional cardiac surgery, and has been greatly developed. Any surgical procedure is bound to bring certain trauma to the body, and minimizing surgical trauma under the premise of guaranteeing efficacy is actually a topic that has been accompanied by the development of the whole surgical science. As early as the 4th century B.C., Hippocrates, the founder of Western medicine, proposed in his anthology that “medical interventions should first be as injury-free as possible; otherwise the effect of treatment can be worse than the natural course of the disease.” Over the centuries, with the development of surgery, many principles of anesthesia and surgical operation have been established one by one, such as the eventual invention of painless anesthesia and the promotion of the principle of gentle surgical operation, all of which are permeated with the concept of “minimally invasive” surgery. As a very late entry into the medical arena, the young discipline of cardiac surgery has been rapidly evolving since its birth, drawing on these basic concepts of surgery. In the last decade, society has undergone profound changes, and people’s perceptions have also changed significantly. Due to the fear of surgical trauma, a significant number of patients prefer to undergo interventional or even conservative medical treatment, which may be less effective. At the same time, from the point of view of medical authorities, there is a great desire to reduce the cost of cardiac surgery and to keep medical costs as low as possible. It is in this context that the concept of “minimally invasive cardiac surgery” is gradually being recognized by cardiac surgeons and society at large. One of the starting points of “minimally invasive cardiac surgery” is to shorten the length of the incision as much as possible, or to change the approach to make the incision more concealed and beautiful. The cardiothoracic surgery department of Ningbo Li Huili Hospital has been following the trend of the times since its establishment in the 1990s and has started to work in this area. The small lateral thoracic incision for valve replacement of various congenital heart diseases and some rheumatic heart diseases has become a routine operation. The avoidance of extracorporeal circulation technology is another prominent manifestation of minimally invasive cardiac surgery in recent years, in which coronary artery bypass grafting under non-extracorporeal circulation and intracavitary isolation of aortic coarctation have become the representative procedures of minimally invasive cardiovascular surgery, which have been routinely performed in Lee Wai Lee Hospital for many years. In recent years, with the development of endoluminal interventions and imaging medicine, another minimally invasive cardiovascular surgery technique has emerged, which is the “one-stop hybridization” procedure. The traditional concept of “hybrid” cardiac surgery was introduced in 1996 by Angelini, a British academic. Simply put, it is the simultaneous or sequential use of surgical and medical interventional techniques to treat various heart diseases. The artificial vessel replacement with intraoperative stenting for severe aortic coarctation and the ablation of atrial fibrillation during valve replacement for rheumatic heart disease performed at Lee Wai Lee Hospital are all such “hybrid” procedures. Unlike these “hybrid” procedures, the “one-stop hybrid” procedure has a special operating room where imaging and conventional cardiac surgery can be performed simultaneously, so there is no need to transfer patients between the imaging department and the operating room multiple times. Instead of transferring patients between the imaging department and the operating room multiple times, all operations can be performed in the same operating room, thus avoiding the risks associated with multiple anesthesia and transport of patients. More importantly, in such a “one-stop” operating room, the efficacy of the procedure can be evaluated immediately, thus guiding its implementation. One of the concepts of the “hybrid” procedure is the use of interventional devices by the surgeon for the treatment of cardiac disease after opening the chest. The continuous improvement and development of interventional devices is one of the main driving forces behind the future of “one-stop hybridization” technology. The cardiac surgeon is the main player in the “one-stop hybridization” procedure. Because interventional devices are used after opening the chest, the surgeon’s unique ability to operate under direct vision is well demonstrated, even for a range of malformations that are not routinely indicated for interventional treatment. For example, for large central septal defects with weak margins, intraoperative implantation of a blocking umbrella allows for suture fixation of the blocking umbrella on the right atrial surface. Secondly, we can perform conventional surgical treatment for the combined heart disease at the same time after opening the chest, such as ligation of unclosed arterial ducts and implementation of body-pulmonary bypass. The ideal “one-stop” operating room should have a variety of imaging equipment, including C-arm X-ray machines for cardiovascular imaging, cardiac ultrasound systems, and so on. However, there are not many operating rooms that are truly equipped with these conditions. However, a high-resolution cardiac ultrasound system is an essential piece of equipment for any “one-stop” operating room. In recent years, Lee Wai Lee Hospital has also invested heavily in introducing some of the necessary equipment to gradually carry out “one-stop hybridization” surgery, mainly for congenital atrial septal defects of all ages, which is done under the guidance of cardiac ultrasound. Patients not only have a small incision of 3-4 cm, but also avoid extracorporeal circulation and receive very satisfactory results.