Structural heart disease refers to abnormalities or damage to the anatomy of the heart, such as septal defects and valvular disease, which are the most common, or more broadly, to lesions of the heart’s own coronary arteries and the great vessels that connect it, such as coronary artery lesions, ruptured sinus tumors, and various large aneurysms. Structural heart disease can be effectively treated through surgical or interventional repair, and both have become the two main clinical treatments and directions. Minimally invasive cardiac surgery, a new technique and branch of cardiac surgery, was born in the mid to late 1960s. In the last one or two decades, with the advancement of technical equipment in cardiovascular surgery, the convergence of basic and clinical research, the change of surgical concepts and operational methods, especially in the face of challenges from the rapidly developing interventional treatments, the application of minimally invasive techniques in the surgical treatment of structural heart disease has made great progress, and these clinical practices have penetrated into all branches of cardiovascular surgery, especially in pediatric congenital heart disease These clinical practices have penetrated all branches of cardiovascular surgery, especially in the three major branches of pediatric congenital heart disease, valve disease surgery, and coronary and macrovascular disease surgery. Now, we will briefly introduce the common techniques of minimally invasive cardiac surgery. 1, small incision techniques For the traditional cardiac surgery of large incisions, large surgical problems, people first began to change the access route and shorten the length of the incision. Many cardiac surgeries in structural heart disease can be accomplished through MI, which has three main approaches: transcostal, partial sternal split and parasternal. Cardiac surgeons have tried various approaches to the surgical pathway, even without CPB support and with a beating heart. Compared with the traditional median sternal split approach, it has the advantages of small incision, aesthetic appearance and less drainage. 2, chest wall perforation full thoracoscopic surgery Some cardiac surgeons draw on the lumpectomy surgery technology to explore the chest wall 3-hole full thoracoscopic cardiac surgery method. Compared with small incision surgery, the lumpectomy technique can reach all areas of the heart and achieve more complete revascularization; meanwhile, the anastomosis is more precise. Compared with traditional surgery, it avoids median opening, reduces chest pain, and shortens recovery time. 3.Completely thoracoscopically assisted robotic surgery With the clinical application and continuous improvement of minimally invasive surgery, the safety and practicality have been confirmed by mid-term clinical trials. These techniques have in turn promoted the introduction of the third generation of robots with fully thoracoscopic robotic arm technology, the latter of which has led to a significant reduction in operating time and more improved surgical precision.