Surgery is not mandatory for microscopic thyroid cancer. According to the definition of the World Health Organization, microscopic thyroid cancer is thyroid cancer with a maximum tumor diameter of less than 10 mm, also known as occult thyroid cancer. According to the Chinese Expert Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of PTMC (2016 Edition), close observation can be performed if the indications are met, such as the tumor diameter is less than 5 mm, and there is no distant metastasis or lymph node metastasis. When the tumor increases more than 3 mm in diameter, has lymph node metastasis and the patient requests surgery, surgery should be performed. Generally speaking, it is recommended to actively treat micro carcinoma of thyroid with surgery, and the prognosis is good. Patients with microscopic thyroid cancer are recommended to consult doctor in time and choose appropriate treatment plan under doctor’s guidance, so as to avoid delaying the condition.