Lymphomas of the brain are classified as primary or secondary CNS lymphomas, and they present with similar symptoms, often with psychiatric changes, seizures, headaches and vomiting due to increased intracranial pressure, and focal symptoms of tumor compression such as motor deficits, speech disorders, and cerebral nerve palsy. On magnetic resonance, the tumor often appears as multiple, uniformly enhancing lesions. Lymphoma of the brain progresses rapidly and can only be survived for about 2-3 months if not treated promptly. Mr. Dong, who is in his fifties, began to experience visual field loss, that is, he felt that his range of vision had become smaller than before, more than ten days ago, and then he soon developed a lack of strength in his left arm and leg, which made it impossible for him to walk, as well as a headache and other manifestations. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed multiple uniformly enhancing intracranial lesions with marked edema and obvious compression of brain tissue, and the initial diagnosis was lymphoma. The histopathological diagnosis of the tumor obtained by biopsy surgery confirmed a highly aggressive B-lymphoblastic non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Mr. Dong’s condition progressed very rapidly, and at one point during his hospitalization, he was nearly comatose due to the increased intracranial pressure caused by the tumor. With emergency chemotherapy and local radiotherapy, Mr. Dong’s intracerebral lymphoma gradually shrunk, and the edema slowly subsided, gradually returning to normal. Most intracerebral lymphomas are sensitive to hormone therapy, which can even make the tumor shrink or even disappear, and the use of hormones after surgery can often relieve symptoms and improve the patient’s condition very quickly. However, on the contrary, if lymphoma is not considered before surgery and hormones are used in advance, it may lead to the embarrassing situation that the tumor cells have atypical morphology and cannot be diagnosed clearly even if the tumor tissues are taken through surgery. The main role of neurosurgery in the treatment of cerebral lymphoma is to obtain tumor biopsy to make a clear diagnosis, because the treatment plan for lymphoma mainly uses chemotherapy, and a considerable number of people can achieve relatively good treatment results, but there are also some patients who can’t tolerate chemotherapy or relapse after chemotherapy. Lymphoma in the brain is a relatively rare brain tumor. Although the biopsy surgery for brain lymphoma is not complicated, for brain lymphoma suspected by magnetic resonance, do not use hormones before the biopsy surgery, so as not to cause trouble to the pathological diagnosis and delay the subsequent treatment.