If one suffers from hyponatremia, psychiatric symptoms are likely to occur when sodium is replenished too quickly, especially in the elderly. Initial symptoms are not obvious, but as the disease progresses or in acute hypernatremia, brain cells may show signs of water loss, such as confusion, agitation, convulsions, convulsions, epileptiform seizures, coma and even death. The disease can be diagnosed by measurement of electrolytes and osmolality in urine and plasma. Treatment can be directed at the etiology of the disease, but also water-sodium balance therapy, drug therapy and other methods.1, etiology of treatment: first of all, should actively treat the primary disease, due to the input of excessive sodium-containing drugs leading to psychiatric symptoms, sodium intake should be limited to prevent excessive sodium input; 2, balance of water-sodium treatment: early supplementation of adequate amount of water to correct hypertonicity, and then, as appropriate, to supplement the electrolytes. Correction of hypernatremia should not be rushed, too rapid rehydration and reduction of hypertonicity may cause cerebral edema, convulsions, neurological damage, which may lead to death; 3, other drug therapy: in addition to restricting sodium intake in retention hypernatremia, glucose solution dilution therapy can also be used or encouraged to drink more water, but it must be accompanied by the use of sodium-excreting diuretics, such as furosemide, thiazide drugs. Because most of these patients have increased extracellular volume, cardiopulmonary function needs to be closely monitored to prevent infusion of too much fluid too quickly, so as not to cause pulmonary edema.