Chocolate cysts, also known as endometriosis cysts, develop when endometrial debris travels to the ovaries with menstrual blood, forming an encapsulated fluid on the surface of the ovaries, and the fluid inside resembles a chocolate-like consistency, hence the name “chocolate cyst”. When a chocolate cyst ruptures, it can easily cause implantation in the pelvic cavity, which can easily cause implantation in the greater omentum, mesentery or posterior pelvic wall, and the patient will experience severe abdominal pain and, in severe cases, infection. Therefore, if a chocolate cyst ruptures, surgery should be performed in a timely manner, and the surgery should thoroughly clean the chocolate cyst fluid to avoid subsequent complications such as implantation. After surgery, drugs should be routinely given to prevent recurrence, such as intramuscular Dalfirin, Goserelin or oral progesterone to prevent recurrence.