Hypertension has the potential to cause blindness in the eye, and in response to elevated blood pressure, the retina undergoes a series of pathological changes that are traditionally referred to as hypertensive retinopathy. It includes a range of common clinical lesions such as general narrowing of small arteries, localized narrowing of small arteries, narrowing of arteriovenous anastomoses, retinal hemorrhage, microangioma formation, hard exudates, flocculent plaque formation, and, rarely, swelling of the optic papilla. Central retinal artery occlusion usually presents as sudden, painless, unilateral visual loss with or without visual field loss, and the retina appears clinically pale and edematous with reduced small arteries and a cherry-like macula, and retinal emboli may be visible in the retinal vessels of the optic papilla. Rarely, patients with visual loss in peripheral retinal artery obstruction may present with visual field defects.