Pediatric rickets is a common chronic nutritional deficiency in infancy, commonly known as chondromalacia. It is a systemic chronic nutritional disease characterized by skeletal lesions caused by disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism due to vitamin D deficiency in children, mostly in infants and children under 2 years old. It is mostly seen in infants and young children, especially those under 3 months old. Initially, they often show mental and neurological symptoms, such as restlessness, easy to wake up at night and excessive sweating, more obvious during breastfeeding and crying, and head shaking when sweating stimulates the scalp; then typical skeletal developmental lesions appear. For example, within 6 months of age, infants have cranial changes, and the skull feels elastic like a ping-pong ball when pressed; at 7 to 8 months of age, a square skull appears, the fontanelle is large and slow to close, the hair on the back of the head is sparse and cranial, and the eruption of teeth and sitting and walking are also later than normal; the chest bones can appear as rib beads, the rib and rib cartilage junction area is bulging and thick, and the longitudinal touch is like a string of beads, and in severe cases, the hands and feet are C. If the child sits or stands for a long time during the active period of rickets, it may also cause curvature of the spine and O-shaped or X-shaped legs in the lower limbs. The main cause of vitamin D deficiency is insufficient perinatal intake. Insufficient intake of vitamin D during the mother’s pregnancy, especially in the second trimester, or severe malnutrition of the mother, liver and kidney disease, premature birth and twin births, etc. The amount of vitamin D in the diet during the nursing period (2 months to 1 year of age) is very small, usually not more than 100 international units per day. At this time, the child’s daily vitamin D requirement is 400 international units, and the difference between the two is obvious. Fast growth rate, especially premature and twin-born babies grow fast after birth, need more vitamin D, and the body stores of vitamin D is not enough, prone to rickets. Another reason is the lack of sunlight, the body’s own synthesis of vitamin D is not enough. In addition, diseases and long-term use of anticonvulsant drugs, gastrointestinal or hepatobiliary diseases in infants affect the hydroxylation process of vitamin D. It is clear from the above that the prevention of rickets mainly relies on more sunlight and additional vitamin D supplementation, taking cod liver oil or Iconocin. Severely affected children should be seen promptly and the underlying disease should be treated actively to prevent sequelae.