The common rickets, also known as vitamin D deficiency rickets, is caused by the deficiency of vitamin D in the body, which causes systemic abnormalities in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, making calcium not properly deposited in the growing parts of the bones, resulting in deformed bone development. Vitamin D deficiency rickets mostly occurs during the growth and development of children, mainly in infancy and early childhood. This is because the vitamin D content in food is not enough, children are less active outside, the growth rate of children is faster, more vitamin D is needed, and the ratio of calcium and phosphorus in dairy products, especially milk, is not as good as breast milk, so the absorption of calcium is not sufficient, so the possibility of rickets in the breast period is greater. Sweating, crying, night terrors, nocturnal cries, large fontanel, late closure, late teething, softening of the skull, square skull, “beads” on the ribs, rib edge outward, formation of rib cartilage groove, chicken chest, curved spine, X-shaped legs or O-shaped legs on the lower limbs, etc., this is typical of pediatric rickets. Although rickets is rarely life-threatening, it is easy to be ignored because of its slow onset, and once it causes skeletal sequelae, it has a greater impact on children, so active prevention and treatment is very important. Now China has a better child health care management system, children should be born under the guidance of the local health department, scientific arrangements for diet and outdoor activities, a reasonable addition of vitamin D preparations, regular physical examination, early detection of rickets pre-symptoms, can effectively prevent the occurrence of rickets.