Prevention of vitamin D deficiency rickets should start from the mother, who should pay attention to outdoor activities and calcium and vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy to ensure the needs of the infant before birth. Parents should learn some scientific knowledge about child feeding and prevention of rickets, give infants and children reasonable feeding, add supplementary food in time, eat some foods rich in vitamin D, and avoid vitamin D deficiency from diet. Vitamin D3 can be obtained by irradiating the skin with ultraviolet rays, and more vitamin D can be obtained by regular outdoor activities. Therefore, it is important to expose some skin to the sun as the ultraviolet rays in sunlight are easily blocked or absorbed by dust, smoke, clothes and ordinary glass. In the first 1-2 weeks after birth, children should start taking 400 international units of vitamin D per day. 400-500 ml of breast milk and cow’s milk-fed children eat milk that does not require calcium supplementation. Once the symptoms of rickets appear, active treatment should be given to avoid sequelae. Oral method: Vitamin D preparation 50-100 μg (2000-4000 IU) or 1,25-(OH)2D3 (e.g., rocuronium) 0.5-2.0 μg, depending on the condition, is changed to vitamin prophylaxis amount of 10 μg (400 IU) daily after 2-4 weeks. Surprise therapy: for those with complications or unable to take orally, vitamin D 37,500-15,000μg (300,000-600,000 IU) can be injected at once, and the preventive amount can be taken orally after 2-3 months. Review the treatment effect after 1 month of treatment. If there is no significant improvement in clinical manifestations, biochemical tests and X-rays, pay attention to the differentiation from other rickets. Calcium supplements should be given during vitamin D treatment. The children with active rickets should be restricted from sitting, standing and walking during treatment to avoid aggravating spinal curvature, “O” or “X” leg deformity. The activity of push-ups or pull-ups to strengthen the expansion of the chest. When treating mild “O” or “X” shaped legs, massage the corresponding muscle groups, such as “O” shaped legs massage the lateral muscle groups, “X” shaped legs massage the medial muscle groups. “X” leg massage the medial muscle group, can enhance muscle tone. Swimming activity is the best orthopedic method. For those who have severe sequelae or affect physiology and body shape, surgical orthopedic surgery is considered in young age.