Gastric cancer ranks first among all kinds of malignant tumors in China, and there are obvious geographical differences in the incidence of gastric cancer. The prognosis of gastric cancer is related to the pathological stage, location, tissue type, biological behavior and treatment measures of gastric cancer.
Currently, those who are more definitely belong to the high-risk group of gastric cancer are
1. Having precancerous lesions: Precancerous lesions refer to benign diseases that have the tendency to become cancerous, such as
(1) Chronic atrophic gastritis, the cancer rate can reach 10%;
(2) Chronic gastric ulcer, with a cancer rate of less than 3%;
(3) gastric polyps with diameter >2 cm, multiple and wide base have a high cancer rate;
(4) For partial gastric resection, the cancer rate of residual stomach can be 0.3%-10%;
(5) Other precancerous lesions, such as giant gastric mucosal hypertrophy, warty gastritis, etc;
(6) Gastroscopic biopsy pathology types.
(1) heterogeneous hyperplasia, also known as atypical hyperplasia, caused by chronic inflammation, can be considered as precancerous lesions or even early cancer if it develops into severe atypical hyperplasia;
Interstitial gastric lesions have more chances to become cancerous;
③Colonic intestinal chemistry is closely related to the occurrence of gastric cancer.
2, poor dietary habits: such as irregular diet, fast eating, high salt/hot food, pickled, smoked, dried seafood, overnight vegetables with high content of carcinogenic nitrite, red meat with barbecue, moldy food and less fresh vegetables, etc.
3.Long-term alcoholism and smoking: alcohol can change the mucous membrane cells and cause cancer. Smoking is also a strong risk factor for gastric cancer, and those who start smoking in adolescence are at the greatest risk.
Family history of gastric cancer or esophageal cancer: the incidence of gastric cancer among patients’ family members is 2~3 times higher than normal population.
5.Long-term poor psychological status: such as depression, sadness, longing, loneliness, depression, hatred, disgust, low self-esteem, self-blame, guilt, interpersonal tension, mental breakdown, sulking, etc., the risk of stomach cancer is significantly higher.
6.Some special occupations: Long-term exposure to sulfuric acid dust and mist, lead, asbestos, herbicides and metal industry workers have significantly higher risk of stomach cancer.
7. Geology and water quality containing harmful substances: In areas with volcanic rocks, high peat and deep faults, the Ca/SO4 ratio in water is small, while the content of nickel, selenium and cobalt is high. Volcanic rocks contain high levels of 3,4 benzo(a)pyrene, and peat has high levels of organic nitrogen and other nitrosamine precursors, which can easily damage the gastric mucosa. Selenium and cobalt can also cause gastric damage, and nickel can promote the carcinogenic effects of 3,4 benzo(a)pyrene.
8. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection: Some studies say that about half of gastric cancer is related to H. pylori infection. About 60% of the national population is infected with the bacteria, but only 0.03% of the population suffer from gastric cancer.