Chemotherapy for gastric cancer

  I. Chemotherapy for gastric cancer?  Chemotherapy is used to treat gastric cancer, including neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery, intraoperative chemotherapy, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, and palliative treatment for patients with advanced stage of inoperability.  II. Which patients should be treated with chemotherapy?  The first choice for gastric cancer treatment is surgical resection, and those who can be cured by resection alone are only those with early gastric cancer without any metastases. For early-stage cancer with lymph node metastasis and all progressive cancers, as well as advanced gastric cancer (inoperable, palliative surgery and postoperative recurrence of metastasis), internal chemotherapy plays an important role. The current level of chemotherapy-based comprehensive treatment for advanced gastric cancer is that the recent efficacy has been improved, but the effective remission period is not satisfactorily prolonged. The improvement of quality of life is not satisfactory and the prolongation of survival is not obvious.  III. What are the usual protocols?  Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor relatively sensitive to chemotherapy, but advanced and metastatic gastric cancer is still difficult to be cured. In the past, chemotherapy was basically a 5-FU-based regimen, and in the mid-1980s, the FAM regimen (fluorouracil, adriamycin, mitomycin) was once regarded as the standard regimen for metastatic gastric cancer. However, the complete remission rate was low, and the effective time and median survival were very short. To date, new drug development, various combinations of drugs, or routes of administration have been carried out, but so far there is still no universally accepted “standard regimen”.  5-FU emulsion, FT207, UFT, Siroda, S1, etc. 2. On the basis of chemotherapy regimen, targeted therapies are also combined, such as Herceptin, a monoclonal antibody for HER-2 positive gastric cancer, VEGF for tumor vascular growth factor, bevacizumab, and other drugs. , combined with bevacizumab, for patients with gastric cancer with high EGFR expression, C225, and Tysynsen are used.  The toxic side effects of chemotherapy in gastric cancer are mainly hematological toxicity (anemia, bone marrow suppression) and non-hematological toxicity (mainly GI reactions, such as nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis, GI bleeding; weakness; hair loss; neurotoxicity; cardiotoxicity; infection). Those who have central venous placement may also have venous thrombosis and infection.  Chemotherapy must be administered under the direction of a qualified hospital and physician. Hematologic testing, including routine blood and biochemical monitoring, should be performed. If necessary, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor can be used to reduce gastric acid and protect the gastrointestinal mucosa, supplemented with antiemetic drugs and gastrointestinal motility drugs, and antibiotics. Nursing care should also pay attention to prevention of drug extravasation, drug allergy, oral care, and missionary work.