Prevention of tooth extraction risks in pregnant women

  Preoperatively 1. Take a detailed medical history of the patient, paying special attention to the history of previous pregnancies and pregnancy-specific diseases. The treatment plan will be formulated according to the pregnancy and the patient’s dental symptoms.  2. To avoid miscarriage and premature delivery, it is best to perform the extraction operation during the 4th to 6th month of pregnancy.  3. Monitor the patient’s vital signs such as blood pressure, heart rate and blood oxygen, paying special attention to any disease that causes the patient’s blood pressure to rise hypertension can indicate the possibility of pre-eclampsia.  4. Due to the fear of tooth extraction, the patient will inevitably become nervous and anxious, resulting in symptoms such as accelerated heart rate and elevated blood pressure, which affect the stability of the fetus. It is best to use language induction and psychological intervention to relax the patient’s spirit. If necessary, laughing gas can also be used for sedation, as its use for a short time does not produce toxic or teratogenic effects, but a mixture of laughing gas and oxygen needs to be used with a guaranteed oxygen concentration of ≥50%. Since nitrous oxide may affect cell division, it should be avoided during the period from blastocyst implantation to embryonic and rapid fetal differentiation and growth in the second to twelfth week of gestation. The sedatives carbamazepine, chloral hydrate, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam and other benzodiazepines, phenobarbital, analgesic drugs morphine, pentazocine, corticosteroids, dextropropoxyphene, all increase the risk of fetal teratogenicity and should be avoided.  5, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration FDA, according to the teratogenic situation of the drug to the fetus, the drug to the fetus harm level into A, B, C, D, X 5 levels. The effect of local anesthetic drugs on the fetus depends on the type of drug and the dose of drug that passes the placental barrier. This dose depends not only on the amount of local anesthetic drug, but also on the mode of administration, whether vasoconstrictors are used, the metabolic rate and the half-life of the maternal local anesthetic drug. Combining toxicity and sensitization considerations, lidocaine is the local anesthetic drug with the highest safety profile for the fetus. Local infiltration anesthesia should be chosen, using anesthetics containing minimal doses and low concentrations of epinephrine. Make sure that the anesthetic is not in the blood during the anesthesia.  6, try to avoid the use of antibacterial drugs, when antibacterial drugs can not be avoided, should choose the drug FDA classification of drugs with less impact on fetal development and growth of class A or B, such as penicillin, cephalosporin and erythromycin, etc.. In addition, the time of drug use should also be selected: 2 weeks after fertilization, the fertilized egg has not yet been laid, so the drug has little effect on it; 2 to 12 weeks of gestation, the embryo is highly differentiated and rapidly developing, which is the teratogenic period of drugs, so drugs should be avoided as far as possible at this stage, especially C, D and X grade drugs should not be chosen; after 12 weeks of gestation until delivery, the fetal organs have been formed, and the teratogenic effect of drugs is obviously weakened, which is a more reasonable period of drug use. After 12 weeks of gestation and up to delivery, all organs of the fetus have been formed and the teratogenic effect of drugs is obviously reduced.  During the operation, the operation should be gentle and avoid any painful stimulation.  2. Use minimally invasive extraction methods to minimize the extraction time.  3. Monitor the vital signs with cardiac monitoring throughout the procedure.  4. Patients in the middle and late stages of pregnancy should adopt the left lateral position as far as possible to avoid supine hypotension syndrome.  Postoperative 1. It is recommended to stay in the hospital for half an hour for observation, and only go home accompanied by family members if there are no obvious symptoms of physical discomfort.  2.Ice packs should be applied to the operated area to reduce pain and bleeding, so as to avoid the occurrence of increased blood pressure or premature delivery or miscarriage due to pain.  3.Depending on the condition of the patient, decide whether to continue to take anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving drugs.