Superior mesenteric artery embolism is a condition in which an embolus blocks the superior mesenteric artery, resulting in ischemia of the small intestine and part of the colon, causing abdominal pain and other symptoms. The superior mesenteric artery begins in the abdominal aorta at about the height of the first lumbar vertebra and enters the root of the small intestinal mesentery between the pancreas and the duodenum, and the branches it gives off supply blood to the pancreas, duodenum, jejunoileum, ascending colon, and right half of the transverse colon. The embolus of superior mesenteric artery embolism is mostly originated from the heart or proximal large arteries, such as rheumatic heart disease of the redundant, the right and left auricles of the attached wall thrombus or large arteries atherosclerotic plaques, abscess dislodgment of the embolus produced. The superior mesenteric artery starts from the abdominal aorta at an acute angle, the lumen is wider, and the direction of blood flow is the same as that of the abdominal aorta, which makes it easy for the dislodged emboli to enter and block the narrower lumen or bifurcation, leading to embolism. Superior mesenteric artery embolism often manifests severe abdominal pain, nausea, frequent vomiting, diarrhea, and in the advanced stage, vomiting dark red bloody fluid or bloody stools. Systemic symptoms include fever, tachypnea, decreased blood pressure, cyanosis, cyanosis of the fingertips, cold clammy skin, and dyspnea. Patients with suspected superior mesenteric artery embolism are advised to seek prompt medical attention and early treatment to avoid adverse consequences.