In 1906, Peter discovered and reported a case of anterior chamber superficiality, corneal iris adhesion, central corneal white spot and Descemet’s membrane defect, etc. Since then, such congenital anterior segment lesions are collectively called Peters anomaly (PA), which is a typical type of anterior segment dysgenesis. It is a typical type of anterior segment dysgenesis, which is a congenital defect in the development of the anterior segment, and has a high incidence of glaucoma, which is a serious and important blinding eye disease. Peters anomaly is a polygenic genetic disorder caused by the migration of abnormal neural crest cells into the cornea during development, and this abnormal migration has been shown to be associated with mutations in the PAX6, PITx2, FOXE3 and CYPlBl genes. Peters anomaly type I; corneal autofluorescence with cataract or corneal lens adhesions, Peters anomaly I type I; both eyes are more often associated with other systemic diseases, such as short stature, mental retardation, etc., Peters syndrome. For patients with Peters anomaly I I, treatment may include penetrating corneal transplantation or lamellar corneal transplantation depending on the depth of the corneal lesion; for patients with Peters anomaly I I, treatment may include corneal transplantation, cataract extraction and, if necessary, anti-glaucoma treatment depending on the atrial angle and lens involvement; for patients with Peters syndrome In addition to ocular treatment, we should also pay attention to the developmental abnormalities of other systemic systems.