Nasal feeding is the insertion of a special gastric tube through the nasal cavity to the stomach and instillation of fluid food. Indications: Mostly used for patients who are in long-term coma or have difficulty swallowing. Nasal feeding gastric tube insertion method: Intubation materials: sterilized gastric tube, forceps, curved disc, 50 ml syringe, paraffin oil, cotton swabs, adhesive tape, treatment towel, stethoscope, warm boiled water in appropriate amounts. Intubation method: ① Lay the treatment towel under the patient’s jaw and clean the nasal cavity with a cotton swab. ② Lubricate the front end of the gastric tube with paraffin oil, hold the gastric tube with gauze in the left hand, hold the front end of the gastric tube with forceps in the right hand, insert slowly along one side of the nostril, and when it reaches the throat, bring the patient’s head forward near the sternal stalk to increase the curvature of the throat channel, so that the catheter can slide along the posterior wall and be inserted slowly to a depth of 45-55 cm. ③ Fix the gastric tube with adhesive tape, connect the syringe, if there is gastric fluid extraction, it means the gastric tube is inserted into the stomach; or place the end of the gastric tube in a bowl of water, no air bubbles escape when exhaling; or inject 10 ml of air, while placing the chest piece of the stethoscope in the stomach, the sound of gas over water can be heard, both indicate that the gastric tube has been inserted into the stomach. Nasal feeding precautions: (1) Flush the gastric tube with warm boiled water after each instillation to prevent the tube lumen from being blocked. (2) Wrap the mouth of the gastric tube with gauze and clamp it to prevent the outflow of liquid from the stomach. (3) Maintain oral hygiene during nasal feeding. (4) Keep the perfusion fluid at about 38℃ as appropriate. The perfusion volume should not be too much (300ml is appropriate) to avoid vomiting. The time between instillations should not be less than 2 hours. (5) Long-term intubated nasal feeding should be replaced with a new clean gastric tube every 3-7 days. The cup and syringe used for nasal feeding should be cleaned and disinfected once a day. Extraction method: Place the bent tray under the patient’s jaw, close the mouth of the gastric tube with a clip, remove the fixed tape, wrap the gastric tube near the nostril with gauze, wipe the gastric tube with gauze while pulling it out, when it reaches the throat, pull it out quickly to avoid liquid dripping into the trachea, put the gastric tube in the bent tray after pulling out, clean and sterilize it. Gastric tube sterilization method: After the water is boiled, place the clean gastric tube in boiling water, fill the cavity with water, time it for 5-10 minutes after the water boils, and then place it in the treatment towel. Autoclaving is ideal if available. As the age, sex and weight of the patient vary, the mixture should be prepared according to the actual needs of the patient’s condition. (1) General formula of mixed milk: 800ml milk, 20g lotus root powder, 4 eggs, 100g sugar, 15ml sesame oil, 5g salt, 25g milk powder, 100ml rice juice, warm boiled water. About 1000ml after preparation. (2) Preparation method: Prepare the required food for use. Boil milk first, mix lotus root powder and sugar, then make a paste with a small amount of warm rice juice, then boil the rest of the rice juice to make a mature lotus root powder and stir well. Beat the eggs well and slowly pour them into the mild milk and the powdered lotus root, stirring as you go, so that it does not become lumpy. This recipe contains about 50 grams of protein, 182 grams of sugar and 69 grams of fat. The heat supply can reach 648 kJ (155 kcal) per 100 ml. To apply this formula, first calculate the patient’s in and out volume and the total calories needed, and give nasal feeding 4-6 times a day. If the patient has indigestion and diarrhea, the recipe should be changed and the following formula can be used: 500 ml of rice soup, 400 ml of milk, 120 g of cooked egg, 100 g of sugar, 5 g of salt and yeast each, 20 g of lotus root powder, 1100 mg of vitamin B, add water to 1000 ml. Each ml can supply 556 kJ (133 kcal) of heat. Precautions for preparing mixed milk: ①When warming mixed milk, it should not be heated directly on the stove, but should be stirred with the bottle in hot water. Otherwise, the clot will easily block the nasal feeding tube. ②Fill 200-400ml of mixed milk each time, milk temperature 40-45 degrees Celsius, filling speed to 10-15 minutes is appropriate, each time after filling mixed milk, should be a small amount of warm water to flush the tube. In principle, no other drugs should be added to the mixed milk. If the medication must be given by nasal feeding tube due to the condition, it can be infused with 20-30 ml of warm water 15 minutes after the infusion of mixed milk; Chinese medicine is best given 1 hour after the infusion of mixed milk. Because of too much instillation, the stomach contents are too much and easily reflux and choke. ④ Before each instillation of food, identify whether the gastric tube is in the stomach, and confirm that the gastric tube is in the stomach before injecting food.