In the hospital, we often encounter such patients who come to the doctor because of nausea, vomiting and bloated stomach, and when asked, they have stopped passing gas and bowel movements for N days! At this time, we should highly suspect the occurrence of intestinal obstruction. So, what kind of disease is intestinal obstruction, and is it serious or not? Today we will introduce it systematically.
Obstruction of the passage of intestinal contents due to any cause is called intestinal obstruction. It is one of the common surgical emergency abdominal diseases. Sometimes acute intestinal obstruction is difficult to diagnose, and the disease progresses rapidly, often leading to the death of the patient. Water, electrolyte and acid-base balance imbalance, as well as the patient’s age combined with cardiopulmonary insufficiency are often the causes of death.
How does it threaten the life and health of patients?
1.After the occurrence of intestinal obstruction, a large amount of gas cannot be expelled and accumulates in the intestinal cavity, leading to the appearance of intestinal distension. The source of gas is mainly the air entering the patient’s digestive tract, and the intestinal distension causes the intestinal cavity pressure to increase, the intestinal wall to become thin, and the blood circulation of the intestinal wall to be seriously impaired, which will slowly affect the patient’s whistling and circulatory functions.
2, the patient’s body fluids and electrolyte loss and acid-base balance disorder, while our normal people secrete a number of body fluids every day, and almost all of them are absorbed by the intestinal tube, and some of them are excreted with the feces, when intestinal obstruction due to frequent vomiting, serious dehydration shock will occur.
3, the patient occurs intestinal obstruction lasting when the intestinal wall tension rises, will occur in the intestinal wall blood circulation disorders, first of all, the intestinal wall venous reflux is blocked, intestinal wall stasis, this time there will be a considerable amount of plasma exudation, in our intestinal wall arterial blood transport disorders, and even intestinal necrosis and rupture.
Four major characteristics of intestinal obstruction.
1. pain – persistent abdominal pain with gradual aggravation.
2, vomiting – vomiting.
3, distension – abdominal distension, unable to eat or drink.
4, stop – stop defecation and exhaustion.
Why does intestinal obstruction occur?
1.Cancerous obstruction
The primary cause of colonic obstruction.
2.Colonic torsion
It is the second common cause and can occur in the cecum, transverse colon and sigmoid colon, but the sigmoid colon is the most common.
3.Colonic schistosomiasis
In China, schistosomiasis granuloma or associated colon cancer is still common in schistosomiasis endemic areas.
Intestinal obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome)
Fariano believes that this disease is related to sacral parasympathetic nerve dysfunction. matsui reported that partial nerve conduction dysfunction leads to this disease, and the number of ganglion cells in the intestinal wall is reduced and degenerative changes in nerve cells are seen microscopically.
5.Pelvic postoperative adhesions leading to colonic obstruction
This disease is characterized by.
(i) it occurs mostly in middle-aged women after pelvic surgery.
② with intermittent abdominal distension, chronic abdominal pain and constipation.
(iii) no specific lesions in barium enema.
④Fiber colonoscopy reveals angular sigmoid colon, which also has stenosis, preventing the entry of colonoscope.
6.Obstruction caused by extra-colonic tumor compression or invasion
Such as pancreatic cancer or gastric cancer invading the transverse colon and causing obstruction; female pelvic tumor, especially ovarian tumor compression of the sigmoid colon causing obstruction is not uncommon.
7.Gallstone obstruction
It accounts for 1% to 3% of all intestinal obstruction, and the preoperative diagnosis rate is only about 15%.
Treatment
1.Surgical treatment
Under the premise of excluding pseudo-intestinal obstruction, actively carry out surgical investigation.
2.Medical treatment
The main treatment is symptomatic treatment, correction of water-electrolyte imbalance, gastrointestinal decompression, anti-infection and promotion of anal canal exhaustion. If mechanical obstruction is excluded, it should be treated according to dynamic intestinal obstruction.
In summary, intestinal obstruction is a disease that deserves our special attention, if you encounter similar symptoms in life, do not delay to seek medical attention. The disease of intestinal obstruction is very scary for each of us, we must pay attention to the correct treatment, absolutely not sloppy.