1.Balanced nutrition meal preparation China is a country with a high incidence of neural tube malformation, and expert research has found that only adequate supplementation of folic acid preparations from the first trimester to the second trimester of pregnancy can effectively prevent neural tube malformation. In addition, a large amount of clinical experience has proved that adequate supplementation of folic acid is also very effective in preventing many other birth defects, especially some diseases that cause large malformations of the body surface. In fact, the dietary intake of folic acid is not enough for each of us, and the folic acid requirement of newborns is 1.5 times higher than that of adults, so it is recommended that supplementation with folic acid preparations is best until the end of lactation. The generally recommended dose is 0.4 mg before pregnancy and can be increased to 0.8 mg after pregnancy, and experimental data prove that it is absolutely safe as long as the daily intake does not exceed 1 mg. A balanced nutritional intake should contain the three major categories of nutrients, namely protein, fat and carbohydrates, as well as vitamins and trace elements necessary for the human body. Couples preparing for pregnancy must not be picky or partial in their diet, and can appropriately increase the intake of fish, meat, eggs and poultry rich in high quality protein, as well as fresh fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins. Maintain a healthy weight: No matter men or women, excessive obesity is more or less linked to endocrine hormone disorders, which can even affect fertility in serious cases. If the mother-to-be is overweight, it will often increase the burden of pregnancy and even induce some pregnancy complications, while if the mother-to-be is underweight, she will also have a tendency to give birth to low weight babies, and there is even a certain correlation with the occurrence of diseases in the baby’s future adulthood. A proper diet, regular work and rest, a good state of mind, and moderate physical exercise are defined by the World Health Organization as the four pillars of human health. Actively changing your habits, adjusting your life, maintaining a healthy body, and staying away from various diseases are the first tasks of pre-conception eugenics preparation. 2. Pay attention to the work and living environment Staying away from harmful working environment and establishing a healthy living environment are the primary conditions to ensure the birth of a healthy baby. Harmful environmental factors can be basically divided into the following three categories: physical: including various kinds of radiation from computers, cell phones, microwaves, high temperatures, electromagnetic fields, long-term noise stimulation, etc. chemical: tobacco, alcohol, drugs, paints, paints, hair dyes, cosmetics, problematic food brought by the agricultural economy, etc. biological: bacteria, viruses, other microorganisms such as Toxoplasma gondii carried by pets. Tip: Everyone works and lives in a different environment. Carefully recall the environment you have been exposed to within six months, analyze and find out the questionable problems and the related protective knowledge you need to know, and communicate further with your preconception health practitioner to help you get more targeted solutions. 3.Exclude hidden diseases before pregnancy If a couple suffers from certain diseases before pregnancy and they are not controlled timely and effectively, they are likely to endanger the fetus and even directly affect the health and safety of the mother after pregnancy. 1. Toxoplasma gondii infection: severe fetal damage is more frequent in early pregnancy, and miscarriage often occurs. In the late stage, it can cause hydrocephalus, retinal chorioretinitis, microcephaly with small eyes, cataract, etc., and mental retardation after birth, and in severe cases, stillbirth. Fetal intrauterine infection can also manifest as latent type: no clinical manifestation in the first month after birth, but retinal chorioretinitis appears after the second to seventh month. The onset of ocular and central nervous system symptoms can be delayed until several years later, or even until adulthood. 2. Rubella virus infection: After infection, the virus reaches the placenta and infects various organs of the fetus through the placental barrier, causing fetal malformations. Rubella infection during the second month of pregnancy causes more than 90% of fetal malformations, while rubella infection during the second to fourth month causes 50% of fetal malformations. Common malformations include ductus arteriosus, pulmonary artery stenosis, atrial septal defect, small eye, cataract, glaucoma, hearing impairment, etc. Cytomegalovirus infection: CMV infection in pregnant women can be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta or infect the newborn through the birth canal. Embryonic infection mainly invades the fetal central nervous system and cardiovascular system, leading to abnormalities in the development and function of the heart, lungs, eyes and ears, with the brain being the most vulnerable site. 4. Herpes simplex virus infection: SV-II infection in pregnant women can spread to the fetus. Miscarriage can occur in early endometrial infections. Fetuses with late stage SV infection are seen to have small heads, small eyes, retinal chorioretinitis, cerebral hemisphere atrophy, developmental delay, mental retardation, etc. Serious cases can lead to death. 5. Semen analysis: abnormal sperm quality is mostly related to male fertility, and may also be one of the causes of miscarriage and embryo abnormalities. The abnormal quality of seminal plasma often indirectly reflects the possibility of male reproductive tract infection. Chronic prostatitis is the most common cause of male reproductive tract infection, so routine testing of prostate fluid for subjects with abnormal seminal plasma can improve and clarify the accuracy and pathogens of male reproductive tract infection. 6, mycoplasma culture, chlamydia determination: Mycoplasma solium or Chlamydia trachomatis is prone to cause infections of the human urinary tract and reproductive tract, about 20-30% of asymptomatic carriers in the normal reproductive age population. Recent retrospective and prospective studies have suggested that mycoplasma or chlamydia infections may be associated with miscarriage, preterm birth and abnormal embryonic development. 7, blood type determination, anti-AB titer test: the husband’s blood type is A, B, AB, while the pregnant woman O type may occur ABO blood group incompatibility; husband is R positive, the pregnant woman is R negative may occur R blood group incompatibility, will affect the life of the mother and child. 8.B ultrasound: preconception vaginal ultrasound can screen for uterine abnormalities, uterine fibroids, myometrium, ovarian cysts, pelvic inflammatory disease and other diseases that affect pregnancy and childbirth. 9.White belt routine: routine examination of female mycotic vaginitis, trichomonas vaginitis and bacterial vaginitis, reproductive tract infection is the most common factor affecting eugenics. 10.Hepatitis B and half, liver function: Hepatitis B infection with abnormal liver function can aggravate the mother’s condition and directly affect the safety of mother and child. Hepatitis B virus carriers have the possibility of transmitting to their children. 11, sexually transmitted diseases (syphilis, gonorrhea, IV infection, etc.): can be transmitted to the fetus or newborn through the placenta or birth canal, directly affecting the physical and mental health of the offspring. In recent years, the number of occult syphilis and IV infection is increasing, and routine screening can effectively prevent the birth of fetus transmitted children. Gonorrhea is mostly an acute infection and can often be detected during physical examination, and testing of suspected cases can provide a clear diagnosis. 12, karyotype analysis: Although the proportion of chromosomal abnormalities in children born with birth defects is high, the proportion of abnormalities detected in their parents is not high, which is related to changes in germ cells or embryonic cells during the development and maturation process. Moreover, karyotyping does not predict hereditary diseases caused by genetic abnormalities. Therefore, karyotyping of amniotic fluid should be performed in high-risk groups screened in prenatal diagnosis. 13. Reproduction-related hormones include FS, L, PRL, E2, P, T, T3, T4, TS, C, etc. Abnormalities in sex hormones, thyroid hormones, and corticosteroids often affect the development and maturation of germ cells, and in addition to affecting fertility, they are also one of the factors leading to miscarriage and birth defects. Measurement of relevant hormones for subjects with abnormal semen tests and abnormal menstrual cycles in women is also one of the effective preventive measures. Tip: The factors affecting eugenics and birth defects are very complicated, and each individual’s health base and living environment are different, so choosing targeted programs for testing based on medical consultation is the most reasonable solution.