The most common sites of lumbar disc herniation are the lumbar 4 and 5 and lumbar 5 sacral 1 segments, of which the incidence of lumbar 4 and 5 disc herniation accounts for about 60% and lumbar 5 sacral 1 incidence accounts for about 40%. From the biomechanical point of view, the discs of lumbar 4, 5 and lumbar 5 sacral 1 are subjected to the greatest pressure and mobility, and the posterior longitudinal ligament located behind these two segments is relatively narrow, only about 1/2 of the width of the other upper discs, so the discs of lumbar 4, 5 and lumbar 5 sacral 1 are most vulnerable to injury. Clinically, herniated discs of lumbar 4, 5 and lumbar 5 sacral 1 are the most common, and the main clinical manifestations are pain in the lower back and pain and numbness in the lateral and posterior side of the lower leg.