The mutation rate of the TP53 gene in lung cancer varies widely, and the possible reasons for this are related to the tissue type of the specimen, the source of the specimen, the different methods of specimen processing, the storage time of the specimen, and the different gene sequencing techniques. Previous studies have shown the probability of mutation ranging from 31% to 93.5%. The TP53 gene, one of the oncogenes with the highest tumor relevance found to date, is located on the short arm of human chromosome 17 and often acts synergistically with other genes, most of which are missense mutations in TP53. Mutant TP53 gene promotes tumor cell proliferation, migration, survival and invasion, enhances drug resistance of tumor cells, destroys the physiological structure of normal tissues, and promotes tumor cell metabolism. TP53 mutation is the highest frequency of genetic alteration in lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer TP53 mutation rate varies widely, previous studies have mutation rate of 31%, 45.6%, and mutation rate is 93. 50%. The possible reasons are related to the tissue type of the specimen, the source of the specimen, the different processing methods of the specimen, the storage time of the specimen, and the different gene sequencing technologies. Some studies have found that TP53 mutation status is related to the smoking history and stage of lung adenocarcinoma patients, with a high TP53 mutation rate in patients who smoke, and a higher TP53 mutation rate in patients with later tumor stage.