Diabetes has become a disease that is all around us. The real horror of this disease is not in itself, but in the complications that arise from the long-term increase or instability of blood sugar! More than half of the deaths from diabetes are cardiovascular and 10% are due to nephropathy. Amputations due to diabetes are 10 to 20 times more common in non-diabetic patients.
Clinical data show that about 10 years after the onset of diabetes, 30% to 40% of patients will have at least one complication, and once the complication occurs, it is difficult to reverse with medication, so it is important to prevent diabetes complications as early as possible!
Today we will introduce you to several of the most common and dangerous complications of diabetes.
Diabetic nephropathy
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most important comorbidities in patients with diabetes. The incidence in China is also on the rise, and it has now become the second cause of end-stage renal disease, second only to various glomerulonephritis.
Because of its complex metabolic disorders, once it progresses to end-stage renal disease, it is often more difficult to treat than other kidney diseases. However, active and appropriate interventions can significantly reduce and delay the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy, especially early in the course of the disease.
How to prevent?
1.Regular 24-hour urine microalbumin test
2.Glucose and blood pressure control is crucial
3.Pay attention to the choice of oral hypoglycemic drugs
Diabetic foot
The foot is a complex target organ of diabetes, a multi-system disease. The combination of peripheral neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease with excessive mechanical pressure in diabetic patients can cause damage and deformity formation in the soft tissues and bone and joint system of the foot, which can lead to a series of foot problems.
These range from mild neurological symptoms to severe ulcers, infections, vascular disease, Charcot arthropathy, and neuropathic fractures.
Similar pathological changes can actually occur in the upper extremities, face and trunk, although the incidence of diabetic foot is significantly higher than in other areas.
How to prevent?
1.Pay attention to foot care and examination
2, avoid foot trauma, infection, etc.
3.Strict management of blood sugar
III. Diabetic cardiovascular complications
Including microangiopathy, cardiomyopathy, cardiac autonomic neuropathy on the heart and large blood vessels, causing the primary cause of death in diabetic patients.
Coronary heart disease is the main macrovascular complication of diabetes, and studies have shown that the risk of death from coronary heart disease in diabetic patients is three to five times higher than in the non-diabetic population. The pathological mechanism is atherosclerosis. Hyperglycemia, high systolic blood pressure, high cholesterol, increased LDL, decreased HDL, age, gender, smoking, and family history are all risk factors for its development.
How to prevent?
1.Stop smoking and drinking, scientific diet
2.Rational exercise
3.Emotional and spiritual conditioning
Diabetic cerebrovascular disease
According to statistics, 20% to 40% of type 2 diabetic patients will develop cerebrovascular disease, mainly manifested as cerebral arteriosclerosis, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral atrophy, etc. It is one of the main causes of death in diabetic patients.
How to prevent?
1. Pay attention to the control of blood pressure, blood sugar and blood pressure
2.Prevent hypoglycemia
3.Resolve to quit smoking and alcohol
4.Pay attention to the prevention of infection
V. Diabetic neuropathy
The most common type of diabetic neuropathy is chronic distal symmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy, i.e. diabetic peripheral neuropathy, which has a high incidence, and some patients already have peripheral neuropathy when they are newly diagnosed with diabetes.
Unfortunately, it is quite difficult to treat, especially in terms of eradicating diabetic neuropathy, so its focus also lies on preventing its occurrence and controlling its progression.
How to prevent it?
1.Strict and steady control of blood sugar
2, pay attention to diet therapy, exercise therapy
3, symptoms should be treated as soon as possible
Diabetes is a chronic disease that damages every function of the body, so controlling blood sugar is the most important thing. Many patients are unable to monitor their blood sugar well before complications occur. Although metabolic surgery can effectively control the patient’s blood sugar, this surgery is for type 2 diabetes caused by obesity and requires that the patient’s own pancreatic beta cells can provide more than 1/2 of the normal level before diabetes can be treated surgically. In the case of type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes where the weight has been lost, conservative treatment is required.
For diabetic patients, diabetes is not really scary, what is scary is that they do not control their blood sugar well.