Lumbar intervertebral disc pathology means abnormal changes in the lumbar intervertebral discs due to a variety of different pathologies, such as degenerative changes in the discs and septic infections. It is important to note that lumbar disc pathology does not necessarily cause clinical symptoms; it is merely an imaging expression of a broader concept. Lumbar disc pathology is mainly caused by degenerative changes in the fibrous ring rupture, caused by the nucleus pulposus protrusion compression of the corresponding nerve roots, resulting in lumbar disc herniation, but lumbar disc pathology to a certain extent will lead to the protrusion of the nucleus pulposus, and its pathology is a gradual process, as well as the lumbar disc infection or trauma, and other factors in the imaging will also cause lesions. Lumbar disc pathology is a broad expression of imaging, patients should not be psychologically burdened, the diagnosis of the disease is only auxiliary, but also need to be combined with the physician’s clinical physical examination of the patient and the patient’s medical history in order to make a correct clinical diagnosis.