Taking total hip and total knee replacement surgery as an example, complications of artificial joint surgery can occur in the early and late postoperative period. Early complications are those that occur during the perioperative period, i.e., intraoperatively and within a short period of time after surgery, and include: 1. dislocation of the prosthesis; 2. fat embolism; 3. periprosthetic fracture; 4. deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremity; 5. large vessel and nerve injury; and 6. intra-articular infection. Later complications can occur months to years or even a decade or two after surgery and include: 1) heterotopic ossification; 2) intra-articular infection; 3) prosthesis loosening; 4) stress-obstructed bone resorption; 5) wear and tear and periprosthetic bone lysis. Since artificial joint surgery is a reconstructive surgery, the implanted prosthesis has a certain life span. From this point of view, some long-term postoperative complications are difficult to completely avoid and the end result can lead to a second revision surgery. However, some early complications can be avoided if possible. Artificial joint surgery is a relatively low-barrier procedure that can be quickly mastered by the average orthopedic surgeon. In layman’s terms, it is a very simple process to remove the broken bone and joint, place the artificial joint, and finally sew up the skin. However, it is not easy to do a good job of an artificial joint surgery. It requires comprehensive and meticulous preoperative preparation, careful intraoperative operation, as well as postoperative guidance on functional rehabilitation and long-term clinical follow-up. Only in this way can we avoid post-operative complications, maximize the restoration of joint function, and extend the life of the artificial joint as much as possible!