A man’s fertility is determined by the quantity and quality of spermatozoa, which are derived from changes in spermatogonia. It takes about 74 days for spermatogonia to develop into spermatozoa in the spermatogenic epithelium of the varicoceles in the testes, however, spermatozoa just emerging from the testes are not motile. Only after staying in the epididymis for 2-3 weeks does it acquire motility. The harsh and specific environment in the epididymis such as low pH, high osmolarity, low oxygen content, high CO2 tension and the decreasing K+ concentration in the epididymis from head to tail are all necessary for sperm maturation. It can be seen that the epididymis plays an important role in the maturation process of spermatozoa, and spermatozoa acquire motility in the epididymis, so the functional status of the epididymis directly affects sperm viability, maturation of sperm head morphology, and the ability of spermatozoa to bind and penetrate the zona pellucida. Spermatozoa are one of the few cells in the body’s cell family that have the function of autonomous movement. According to Chinese medicine, the lung is the master of qi, the division of respiration, and qi has the property of movement. This special “cell” of sperm runs the fastest, and it should be endowed with more abundant qi to have vitality. The treatment of this disease with Chinese herbal medicine that tonifies the lung and strengthens the yin of the kidney can increase the concentration of alpha-glucosidase, an important indicator of epididymal function in semen, and also improve the vitality of spermatozoa, thus revealing the possible mechanism for the treatment of low sperm vitality with Chinese herbal medicine – that is, Chinese herbal medicine improved the function of the epididymis.