Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt is by far the most used method for the treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus and obstructive hydrocephalus, which is less invasive, simple to operate and reliable. Whether ventriculoperitoneal shunt can be lasting and effective requires not only strict selection of cases and experienced surgeons, but also good postoperative care and observation of complications, and in addition, as a growing child, close observation and care after discharge from the hospital, so health education for family members is very important. Health education includes the following aspects: a. Observation of complications: Although ventriculoperitoneal shunt is effective, there are still some complications, including shunt dysfunction and infection, which may endanger the life of the child if not treated in time. Therefore, after discharge from the hospital, family members should master the observation knowledge and general treatment of complications. 1.Shunt dysfunction: It mainly includes mechanical failure such as shunt system blockage, displacement, disarticulation, fracture, overlapping, knotting, etc. and excessive shunt or insufficient shunt dysfunction caused by imperfect design of the shunt device itself. (1) Obstruction of the shunt system is the most common complication after ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery. Once it occurs, the manifestation is mostly the same as before surgery, with symptoms such as impaired consciousness, unresponsiveness, slurred speech, and unsteady gait. Those with high cranial pressure mostly have headache, vomiting, and diplopia. In those with preoperative seizures, the number of seizures increases. In infants and young children, there is also an increase in the circumference of the head, leakage of cerebrospinal fluid from the skin incision, irritability, increased muscle tone in the extremities, limited upward vision (also known as the “sunset sign”), and abdominal pain. Finger pressure on the shunt valve may result in failure to pop up or down after pressure. In these cases, the patient should come to the hospital immediately for follow-up. (2) Excessive shunt syndrome (ODS): It is associated with excessive cerebrospinal fluid siphoning and generally manifests as nausea, vomiting, drowsiness and worsening of existing neurological symptoms. It is characterized by increased headache in sitting and standing position and relieved in lying position. The child should immediately rest in bed, lie flat with the pillow removed, encourage the child to drink more water, reduce the number of shunt valve pressures, and come to the hospital for follow-up if it does not relieve. (3) Infants and young children have a fixed length of shunt system due to rapid growth, so the family should be informed that the child needs to replace the longer shunt when he/she grows up. Infection: It is the complication with the worst prognosis and usually occurs 2 d-1 month after surgery. Infection includes intracranial, shunt subcutaneous tunnel infection and peritonitis, which generally manifests as follows: (1) elevated body temperature, local skin redness, swelling, pain, and subcutaneous cellulitis or subcutaneous abscess, which should be reviewed in the hospital and measures should be taken to deal with it. (2) Infection of the head incision can cause ventriculitis, meningitis and other intracranial infections, which is one of the most dangerous complications of bypass surgery. This is one of the most dangerous complications of bypass surgery. The child may have a persistently elevated body temperature that does not subside, and some may have headache or change in consciousness. (3) Infection of the abdominal incision may cause peritonitis, subdiaphragmatic abscess or abdominal abscess, and abdominal pain, abdominal muscle tension with pressure pain and other signs. Even retrograde infection of the cranial cavity because of abdominal infection should be observed and should come to the hospital for follow-up in a timely manner. 3, abdominal complications: generally in the early manifestation of gastrointestinal symptoms, mostly disappeared in about 1 week, but in the distant future there may be other abdominal problems: (1) long-term mechanical friction at the end of the catheter, the manifestation of abdominal organ damage, resulting in intestinal perforation, transverse septal perforation and vaginal perforation, should be observed. (2) The subcutaneous tunnel is too shallow, and the catheter is compressed by long-term friction with the epidermis, which can cause skin necrosis and infection, and the sutures fall off, and the catheter is dislodged from the abdominal cavity and exposed outside the skin, and this situation should come to the hospital for follow-up. 4, the shunt pump pressure: (1) general intracranial pressure increased more than normal (0?.7-2.0kPa), the cerebrospinal fluid can be self-drainage by the shunt pump. However, regular postoperative pressure on the shunt pump can reduce the possibility of blockage of the shunt system. Generally, you can press 2-3 times in a week, 2-3 times each time, usually no more than 10 times/time. If the following conditions occur: headache, vomiting, visual impairment, the shunt pump can be pressed to speed up the drainage, but it is recommended to review the brain CT is better. (2) Note that the shunt pump should be allowed to pop up sufficiently when pressed and then pressed again. If there is no resistance when pressing the shunt valve, it means that the distal end of the shunt system is clear; if the pump resets immediately when releasing, it means that the ventricular end is clear. In case of mild blockage, the blockage can be eliminated by pressing the pump repeatedly. If the shunt pump does not pop up when pressed or cannot be pressed, it indicates that the shunt is blocked and should come to the hospital for follow-up. Daily care: 1. Skin care at the incision and catheter passage. As infants and young children do not cooperate and cannot control their own behavior, they often scratch the wound and contaminate the dressing causing infection. After dressing contamination and shedding is found, the incision and surrounding skin should be disinfected with alcohol or iodophor and the dressing should be replaced in time to keep the incision dry and the skin clean. If the incision has redness, swelling, pressure pain and other symptoms of infection, you should promptly consult a doctor. 2, infants and children due to the thin skin, shunt system can make the skin pressure necrosis infection. Require regular position changes to avoid prolonged pressure on the surgical site. 3, reasonable nutrition, give high protein, high vitamin diet, pay attention to reasonable calorie intake, promote normal growth and development, but pay attention to avoid the formation of obesity, increasing the extrusion of the drainage tube. Let the child participate in appropriate physical exercise to enhance physical fitness, add clothes according to seasonal changes in time to prevent cold. During the epidemic season, try to avoid taking the affected children in and out of public places where there are many people. 4.Treat the child as a normal child, generally no restrictions on daily life, but avoid head collisions, accidents, avoid violent impact on the shunt through the skin area and the neck strenuous activities to prevent breakage. Infants and toddlers, because they have no sense of safety, no or poor self-care ability, and a critical period of motor development, are prone to fall when standing, walking, running and jumping, so families should strengthen supervision. 5.Pay attention to the psychological changes of the child Pay attention to the psychological impact of the surgery on the child, and give appropriate education and psychological guidance so that he or she can correctly understand his or her disease and can actively master the knowledge of self-care. Through health education, increase the family’s knowledge of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, eliminate psychological concerns and worries, and improve the family’s nursing knowledge and skills. Timely detection of complications and the ability to seek medical attention in a timely manner effectively reduced the risk of complications to the children.