The length of treatment for black fever is not generalized, and often depends on the severity of the patient’s own infection, the treatment plan for the disease, and the patient’s sensitivity to the drug and other aspects of the overall consideration. Black fever is a kind of chronic endemic infectious disease caused by infection of Leishmania donovani, clinically, antimony gluconate is often used for treatment, 20 days for a course of treatment, the efficacy of up to 97.4%, for antimony treatment is ineffective or contraindications to the patient, can be used for pentamidine, etc., if the patient is invalidated by a variety of drug treatment and the emergence of splenomegaly, hyper-splenic, splenectomy can be considered. There are clear criteria for cure in the clinic. Patients are confirmed to be cured when they do not develop systemic symptoms and signs within 3 to 6 months after thorough treatment. The cure rate of this disease is high, and the disease usually will not be re-infected, and the patients can obtain lifelong immunity. If black fever disease is diagnosed, it is recommended to carry out standardized treatment as early as possible to reduce the adverse effects of the disease.