The prevalence of hypertension in elderly people over 65 years of age is about 60%. Hypertension is very closely related to the kidney, and most data suggest that hypertensive patients with 5 years of sustained hypertension will have varying degrees of nephrosclerosis. Systemic hypertension can increase the pressure in the small arteries and glomerular capillaries entering the kidney, causing a pathological glomerular hyperfiltration state, thus accelerating the glomerulosclerotic process. The incidence of nephrosclerosis is positively correlated with the severity and duration of hypertension. The presence of other risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity and peripheral vascular disease, causes nephrosclerosis to be more common in the elderly and the resulting renal failure to increase. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the early renal damage of hypertensive disease in the elderly. The kidney disease itself can also lead to hypertension and aggravate the deterioration of kidney function, forming a vicious circle.