Oligospermia is a condition in which the number of sperm in the semen is lower than that of a normally fertile man. The International Health Organization stipulates that a man’s sperm count should not be less than 20 million per milliliter, and if it is less than 20 million it is classified as oligospermia. In a normal person, the sperm count in semen is more than 60 million per ml. If the density of sperm is lower than 20 million per ml after more than 3 semen examinations, it is called oligospermia. It is one of the most common causes of male infertility. Sperm oligospermia is a disease in which the number of sperm in the semen is lower than that of a man with normal fertility. The International Health Organization stipulates that the sperm count in men should not be less than 20 million per milliliter, and if it is less than 20 million it is classified as oligospermia. In a normal person, the sperm count in semen is more than 60 million per ml. If the density of sperm is lower than 20 million per ml after more than 3 semen examinations, it is called oligospermia. It is one of the most common causes of male infertility. There are many causes of spermatozoa, the more common are varicose veins, inflammatory infections of the reproductive tract, immunosuppression, endocrine disorders, some drugs that have an effect on sperm production, radiation and smoking and alcohol poisoning, all of which can inhibit sperm production. There is also a part of sperm reduction that cannot be found by various tests, which is called idiopathic oligospermia. Plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is measured along with semen tests. If plasma FSH is significantly elevated, it is considered primary oligospermia, while plasma FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH) are below normal, which is considered secondary oligospermia. The treatment should be tailored to different causes. It is recommended that patients with oligospermia visit the hospital in a timely manner, cooperate with the doctor for the appropriate examination, and actively cooperate with the treatment as long as the cause of oligospermia is found. Hazards According to statistics, about 15% of married couples are infertile, of which about 50% are due to the male partner. Therefore, for infertile couples, not only do women need to undergo some necessary tests, but men also need to do some tests to identify the causes of infertility as early as possible in order to carry out targeted treatment. Statistics show that poor sperm vitality, low sperm survival rate and low sperm are the primary indicators of male infertility, including congenital poor quality of reproductive organs, such as congenital testicular hypoplasia; there are also acquired systemic diseases, such as chronic radiation disease; there are also bad habits and living environment, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, some infertile men are sensitive to nicotine and alcohol substances in tobacco and alcohol. Some infertile men are sensitive to nicotine and alcohols in tobacco and alcohol, especially the sperm cells in the testes are susceptible to the effects of these toxic substances, causing a decrease in sperm vitality, low survival rate and reduced number, thus causing female infertility. Symptoms Dizziness and tinnitus Patients with low sperm count do not have any obvious symptoms and are not easily detected, but are only aware of sperm abnormalities due to prolonged infertility after marriage through examination. Causes 1. Varicocele: When varicocele occurs, the local temperature of the testes will rise and vasoactive substances will increase, thus affecting the spermatogenic function of the testes, but the degree of varicocele is not proportional to the quality of sperm. 2.Cryptorchidism: Cryptorchidism is one of the important reasons affecting semen quality. Therefore, if sperm density is low and cryptorchidism is present, early treatment is necessary. 3. Urinary system infection: Chronic infection of the accessory genital glands can affect various laboratory indicators in semen. Autoimmunity: Reproductive immunology research found that male autoimmunity can affect fertility, and anti-sperm antibodies can affect sperm production and delivery. 4, endocrine abnormalities: normal male sperm function depends on the normal function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, any one of these links is impaired, will affect the sperm function, such as primary hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, secondary hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, high follicle stimulating hormone hypospermia, hyperprolactinemia, chronic hyperaldosteronism, adrenal The first of these is the use of the term “spermatozoa”. 5. Chromosomal abnormalities: chromosomal aberrations have serious effects on sperm density, activity rate and morphology. 6, infection factors: chronic epididymitis, chronic prostatitis, vesiculitis and atopic infections, etc. 7, genetic factors: somatic karyotype abnormalities, Y chromosome microdeletion is one of the common causes of sperm disorders. 8, syringomyelia: whether primary or secondary syringomyelia can cause spermatogenesis disorder due to elevated local temperature of the testes, and less sperm. 9, nutritional factors: spermatogenic nutrients amino acids, folic acid, vitamin A, E, zinc and other deficiencies can cause low spermatogenic function. 10, environmental factors: long-term exposure to pesticide chemicals, some organic solvents and heavy metals, drugs, radiation and high temperature can lead to low spermatogenic function, resulting in less sperm or azoospermia. 11, other factors: excessive sexual life, masturbation, etc. can also cause sperm symptoms, long-term addiction to alcohol and tobacco, often wear tight pants and often sauna, scrotal temperature is too high, radiation damage, chemical drugs and drugs can cause less may cause less sperm complications testicular inflammation of the genitourinary system, including testicular inflammation, epididymitis, vesiculitis, prostatitis, urethritis, etc., such patients in the proportion of spermatozoospermia These patients have the highest proportion of hypospermia. The treatment method currently advocates comprehensive treatment, first of all, antibiotics should be applied for 2 – 3 weeks, once the inflammation is lifted, the spermatogenic function of the testicles can be easily restored, and subsequently some Chinese herbal medicines can be used to identify the evidence. In addition, life conditioning should not be ignored, pay attention to rest, and avoid intercourse during the acute period of inflammation, etc. The testicular spermatogenesis function is affected due to elevated testicular temperature and toxin accumulation, causing oligospermia and, in serious cases, azoospermia. Cryptorchidism is reported that about 30% – 60% of patients with unilateral cryptorchidism are infertile, while 50% – 100% of patients with bilateral cryptorchidism are infertile, and about 9% of patients with oligospermia have cryptorchidism. Cryptorchidism itself, in addition to degeneration of the varicocele that affects spermatogenesis, may also damage the other side of the completely descended testis to varying degrees, probably due to the effect of anti-sperm antibodies produced by cryptorchidism on normal testes. The disease can restore spermatogenic function if treated effectively in its early stages. Pituitary tumor The pituitary gland is an important endocrine gland. Pituitary tumors can cause decreased sexual function, testicular atrophy, and oligospermia or azoospermia. There are two treatment options: medication and surgery. Bad habits such as addiction to alcohol and tobacco, wearing tight clothes and taking sauna baths can also cause oligospermia in men, as well as people who receive long-term electromagnetic radiation and high-temperature work, whose testicular sperm production function will be significantly reduced. In the case of spermatozoa caused by the above, the ability to produce sperm will soon be restored as long as the living habits or working environment is changed, and medication is generally not necessary. Diagnosis 1. Those who have been abstinent for 3-7 days and whose semen has been routinely analyzed more than 3 times and whose sperm density is lower than 20 million without detecting any etiology can be considered as idiopathic oligospermia. When the sperm density ≤ l×106/mL, it can be diagnosed as severe oligospermia. a) Oligospermia: Sperm retrieved 3-7 days after abstinence, more than three consecutive semen analyses suggest that the sperm density is less than 20×106/ml and the total number of sperm (sperm density×total sperm count) is less than 40×106/ml. b) Weak spermatozoa: Sperm retrieved 3-7 days after abstinence, more than three consecutive semen analyses suggest that the sperm density is greater than 20×106/ml and the forward-moving sperm (A+ B) is less than 50% or less than 25% of sperm with fast linear motion, other parameters are normal. (c) Teratozoospermia: After 3-7 days of sperm retrieval after abstinence, semen analysis for more than two consecutive times indicated that sperm density was greater than 20×106/ml, forward-moving sperm (A+B) was greater than 50% or fast linear-moving sperm was greater than 25%, and sperm with normal head was <30%. 2. Most of the causes of oligospermia can be found by taking medical history, physical examination and other auxiliary laboratory tests (genetic examination, endocrine hormone determination, microbiological examination, anti-sperm antibodies, trace element determination, etc.). When semen analysis is low in spermatozoa and accompanied by the cause of the disease causing oligospermia, it can be diagnosed as secondary oligospermia. The presence of cryptorchidism and varicocele can be initially determined based on medical history and physical examination. Inflammation of the reproductive system can be determined by the presence of frequent, urgent, painful urination, burning sensation in the urethra, purulent discharge from the external urethra, increased pus cells in urine examination, leukocytes greater than 10/HP in prostate fluid examination, and urine culture. Immunological examination can determine the presence of autoimmunity, and karyotype analysis can determine the presence of chromosomal abnormalities. Measurement of serum FSH, LH, T and PRL is also an important method for the examination of oligospermia. If FSH and LH are lower than normal, it is secondary oligospermia, and elevated PRL is oligospermia caused by hyperprolactinemia. Treatment Treatment of oligospermia should be tailored to the cause. Therefore, when the physician takes a medical history, the patient should cooperate with the physician to explain his condition or the cause in detail, and correct certain bad habits according to the physician's advice. For example, do not smoke, drink less, do not wear tight pants, etc. For those who have poor sperm production function of the testicles, Chinese or western medicine can be used to strengthen the sperm production function of the testicles. If the vas deferens is not smooth enough, it is mostly due to incomplete blockage caused by inflammation. It is necessary to eliminate the inflammation with drugs, and to absorb and remove the blocked inflammation products so that the pipeline is completely smooth. If it is caused by too frequent sexual life, it is appropriate to reduce the number of sexual life. If the sperm count is low and the amount of semen is high, artificial insemination can also be performed after the semen has been concentrated, or the semen ejaculated several times can be frozen and then, concentrated once for artificial insemination. Treatment According to the different causes causing oligospermia, different treatments are chosen: 1. Treatment of oligospermia caused by endocrine function abnormalities Some patients take clomiphene to improve sperm count, 25 mg daily, 25 days per month, stop 5 days, 12 months for a course of treatment. Long-term administration has been reported to reduce the percentage of morphologically normal sperm, so low-dose therapy, i.e. 25 mg every other day, is currently recommended. There is also the use of human chorionic gonadotropin 1000 units, intramuscular injection twice a week, 10 weeks for a course of treatment; at the same time can be taken daily internal vitamin E 100-200 mg, for 3-4 months. Testosterone propionate 50 mg has also been tried for 3 months with intramuscular injections 3 times a week, and the sperm count decreased or disappeared when the drug was used, and rebound occurred after stopping the drug, but the efficacy was reported to be poor. Recently, significant improvement in sperm density and motility was reported with ketotifen 1 mg twice daily for 3 months. Hexanone cacodylate added to semen or taken orally can increase the motility of spermatozoa in idiopathic oligospermia with low motility. 2, Varicocele is the most common cause of oligospermia. It has been reported that up to 39% of spermatozoa can be ligated, and 50% to 80% of those with increased sperm density 1 year after surgery, and 30% to 50% of those who make their wives pregnant. 3, acute and chronic orchitis, epididymitis, prostatitis, vesiculitis and other inflammatory diseases of the reproductive tract are also common causes of oligospermia. Treatment available carboxybenzyl penicillin 4 grams per day, divided into 4 servings, continuous use for 1 month. The compound Xinomin can be penetrated into the prostate fluid, the efficacy is also better, 2 times a day, each time 2 tablets, for 3 months. 4, supplementation of trace elements Zinc supplementation has a certain effect on oligospermia and dead sperm, and the number of sperm increases significantly after taking the drug. Due to the antagonistic effect of zinc and copper, zinc supplementation treats high copper at the same time. The treatment method is to take 50-100 mg of zinc gluconate orally each time, twice a day, for 3 months as a course of treatment, and zinc sulfate is also used for treatment. 5.Supplementation of arginine Arginine is a necessary component for sperm production, and the amino acid content in the semen of patients with oligospermia is significantly lower than that of normal men. Arginine supplementation, 4 grams orally daily for 10 weeks, can improve sperm count. 6, Chinese medicine can be tried live sperm fertility formula Diuretic and anti-inflammatory pills can eliminate abnormal sperm disease, more comprehensive conditioning body, replenish the body's vitality, both the symptoms and the root cause, so that the body to reach the optimal state, and then enhance sperm vitality, improve sperm quality. The actual fact is that you can find a lot of people who are not able to get a good deal on a lot of things. It is important to quit completely; alcohol abuse will not only lead to reduced gonad function, but also to chromosomal abnormalities in the sperm. There are white wine, beer, fruit wine, from a health point of view, when one of the fruit wines red wine is better, can drink in moderation. The number of times you control your intercourse too much intercourse can lead to chronic prostate congestion and sterile prostatitis, which directly affects the nutrient content, quantity, viscosity and acidity of semen and induces infertility. In addition, too frequent intercourse, the wife's frequent exposure to the husband's sperm and mucus, easy to stimulate the female body to produce anti-sperm antibodies, resulting in the female immune infertility. Keep the scrotum moderately warm without wearing tight pants and chemical fiber underwear. The temperature of saunas and hot tubs is higher than the temperature suitable for sperm development, and the scrotum will be affected by the high temperature environment, leading to sperm development disorders and also causing dead sperm. Prevent drug damage Some drugs can reduce the number of sperm and abnormal activity. Such as insulin, anflurane, nitrofuran, nitrogen mustard phenylbutyrate, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and other antitumor drugs, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, testosterone, progesterone, estrogen, reserpine, valium, chlorpromazine, etc. should be avoided as much as possible, if necessary, under the guidance of a doctor. Avoid chemical contamination A small survey found that there were significant differences in sperm quantity and quality between people who worked in chemical or radioactive jobs and those who did not. For people who are frequently exposed to chemical substances, they must work in strict accordance with the operating rules and protective regulations, not be negligent, and undergo sperm testing on time. When the human cerebral cortex is in a normal working state, the neurological and endocrine functions of the whole body are stable, and the sperm production function and physiological function of the testicles are normal. On the contrary, if the body is in a state of fatigue, the work of the cerebral cortex will be dysfunctional and the neurological and endocrine functions of the whole body will be abnormal, leading to reproductive dysfunction, reducing the amount of semen as well as the number and motility of sperm, resulting in infertility. The way to strengthen physical exercise should be based on endurance training, not seeking the amount of exercise and exercise intensity, it is important to persevere for a long time to achieve the purpose of gradual weight loss and physical strength. Exercise programs can be varied, such as walking, swimming, table tennis, badminton, basketball, and weight loss exercises, equipment training, etc., at least 30 minutes of exercise every day. To be clean and strict requirements of personal life behavior, do not engage in extramarital affairs, not prostitutes, not looking for flowers, away from the introduction of sexually transmitted diseases. Pay attention to the living environment in the bedroom not to store computers, color TV, refrigerators and other electrical appliances, heating without electric blankets; try to avoid electromagnetic wave contact in the workplace, to prevent nuclear radiation, X-ray exposure. Food therapy Sperm abnormal patients should not eat: (1) celery: according to research, celery has the effect of reducing the number of male sperm, so patients should avoid eating celery. (2) Oyster: cold in nature, easy to hurt Yang Qi, where men due to semen cold infertility, do not eat. (3) Other foods: such as winter melon, raw cucumber, melon, bitter melon, banana, watermelon, tofu, green beans, snails, pepper, pepper and other cold and spicy foods. Sperm abnormal patients should eat: (1) usually eat more green vegetables. In green vegetables, they contain vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, selenium and other ingredients that are good for sperm growth. (2) Eat more coarse grains, soybean products and honey. (3) Eat beef and eggs in moderation. (4) Eat seed foods. Pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, etc. can be used. (5) can eat some warm, sweet food. Such as: sparrow meat, sparrow eggs, wolfberry, pecan meat, etc. Such foods have the role of kidney Yang, benefitting the essence of blood. To determine the quality of sperm 1, motility: sperm in a straight line of rapid forward motion of ≥ 50%. 2, semen volume: semen volume ≥ 2ml is the standard for normal semen. It is too much when it is greater than 7ml, not only the density of sperm is reduced, but also easy to flow out from the vagina, so that the total number of sperm is reduced, commonly due to seminal vesiculitis; less than 2ml is too little semen, but usually less than 1ml is too little. At this time, semen has a small contact area with the female reproductive tract, or is sticky and unfavorable for sperm to enter the female cervical opening and lead to infertility, commonly due to severe paraphimosis, low testosterone levels, ejaculatory duct obstruction, retrograde ejaculation, etc. 3, sperm morphology: normal morphology of sperm ≥ 50%, otherwise it can cause infertility. 4, color: normal is grayish white or slightly yellow. Milky white or yellow-green suggests the presence of inflammation in the reproductive tract or paraphilic gonads; pink, red, and red cells seen under the microscope are hemorrhagic semen, commonly seen in the paraphilic gonads, inflammation of the posterior urethra, and occasionally seen in tuberculosis or tumors. 5. pH: How to determine the quality of sperm? The first thing to know is the pH value of sperm. The normal pH of semen is 72 to 78. Less than 72 is seen in ejaculatory duct obstruction or contamination by urine; greater than 78 is seen in inflammation of the seminal vesicles or old specimens. 6, survival rate: usually refers to the examination within 1 hour after ejaculation, live sperm ≥ 50%. Common causes of reduced sperm motility and viability are paraphimosis, varicocele, cilia sluggishness syndrome caused by chronic respiratory infections, the presence of anti-sperm antibodies in semen or improper storage of specimens. 7. Viscosity: touch the glass rod to the liquefied semen and gently lift and hold it to form semen filaments, which are normally less than 2cm in length. 8. Liquefaction time: after normal semen is ejaculated, it becomes jelly-like under the action of seminal vesicle coagulase, and becomes liquid under the action of prostatic liquefaction enzyme after 15-30 minutes, which is semen liquefaction. After 30 minutes of ejaculation, semen still does not liquefy is abnormal.