Eczema (atopic dermatitis) is an allergic inflammatory reaction of the skin to various internal and external factors. The skin is the first organ of infants exposed to the environment, so allergic reactions appear earliest, and they tend to occur in exposed areas such as the head and face. Atopic dermatitis is the starting point of the allergic process, and as the immune system matures and exposure to atopic allergens continues, the chances of developing asthma and allergic rhinitis are very high as the child grows up, and early and effective skin treatment of atopic dermatitis can slow or stop the “allergic process. The disease tends to resolve gradually as the child adjusts to the environment. However, if there is a family history of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma, the child may have an atopic body type and the disease is likely to persist and recur into adulthood or beyond. Because the disease is a recurrent allergic disease, and is the starting point of the allergic process, it is particularly important to prevent allergic substances from the skin, mouth, nose and other parts of the body: 1, wash: to clean the skin every day, with 36 ℃ warm water bath is good, it is very important to remove sweat, allergens, microorganisms. Minimize the use of skin cleansers, the need to apply topical medications and moisturizing emollients to repair the skin immediately after the bath. 2, emollient: dry skin is the main clinical manifestation of the child, especially in winter is more obvious, dry skin is the main manifestation of the damaged skin barrier, skin barrier damage will lead to a variety of allergens into the skin, resulting in allergies, so the need to use moisturizing emollients to relieve dry skin is particularly important, which is a very important measure to solve the eczema repeated. However, children should be careful with various “fragrances” and “creams” because these skin care products may contain various fragrances and preservatives. If the child is allergic to the ingredients, the use of the product may lead to an aggravation of the allergic reaction. At present, there are many clinically proven medical skin care products developed specifically for children with allergies, such as Avène, Skin Care, Fisica, and Schipa, etc. available for patients. 3, eat: reasonable feeding, to avoid gastrointestinal dysfunction. Be careful with milk, eggs, beef and mutton, seafood, beans and other high-protein substances, add supplementary food should start with a small amount, gradually increase the variety, and always observe whether the child has skin and gastrointestinal reactions, such as eating aggravated then avoid food, such as no obvious reaction, then no harm. Allergen screening can be done if necessary, but the results should be interpreted correctly to avoid excessive dietary avoidance, which can lead to malnutrition. Milk should be specifically mentioned here because it is one of the major allergens in infancy and breastfeeding should be used as much as possible during infancy for 6 months to avoid premature exposure to common milk proteins. When feeding milk, direct contact between milk stains and skin should be avoided. When breast milk is not enough, if the parents are allergic, the child is recommended to apply moderately hydrolyzed milk powder, if the infant allergic to milk protein can choose amino acid formula nutritional powder or deeply hydrolyzed infant formula instead of ordinary milk powder. 4, wear: clothing should be loose, fine, soft, colorless cotton fabric is better, such as the best old clothes. Do not use wool or chemical fiber clothing, and should not wear too much clothing, so as not to sweat after the sweat stimulates the skin aggravate the disease. 5, live: because eczema has obvious seasonality, autumn and winter aggravation, summer can be self-relieved. In winter, the affected children’s skin is dry and sensitive. To avoid house dust mite inhalation, it is recommended to clean the room with a wet mop and rag; to maintain indoor humidity, a humidifier should be used if necessary; in areas heated by a fire bed, it is recommended that the affected child sleeps on the side away from the hottest. Modern housing is very luxuriously decorated and embellished with flowers, not knowing that children with the disease should not be in this environment because paint, formaldehyde, pollen and house dust can cause eczema, and when this cannot be avoided, it is more important to open windows often to circulate air. Families with affected children are not recommended to keep pets. 6, treatment: topical glucocorticoids are still the first line of treatment and control of all phases of eczema (atopic dermatitis), to avoid hormone phobia and abuse of hormones is equally important, the use of hormones under the guidance of a dermatologist is safe. Prophylaxis: Prophylaxis is not recommended for children with more severe eczema, but is recommended during the remission period. Contraindications: Avoid contact with people with herpes simplex to avoid Kaposi’s varicella-like rash. The treatment of eczema (atopic dermatitis) cannot be a one-time cure. A better outcome depends on the long-term management of the child by both parents and physicians to keep the child’s clinical symptoms in continuous remission and to ensure normal growth and development.